ffmpeg Documentation

Table of Contents

1 Synopsis

ffmpeg [global_options] {[input_file_options] -i input_file} ... {[output_file_options] output_file} ...

2 Description

ffmpeg is a very fast video and audio converter that can also grab from a live audio/video source. It can also convert between arbitrary sample rates and resize video on the fly with a high quality polyphase filter.

ffmpeg reads from an arbitrary number of input "files" (which can be regular files, pipes, network streams, grabbing devices, etc.), specified by the -i option, and writes to an arbitrary number of output "files", which are specified by a plain output filename. Anything found on the command line which cannot be interpreted as an option is considered to be an output filename.

Each input or output file can, in principle, contain any number of streams of different types (video/audio/subtitle/attachment/data). The allowed number and/or types of streams may be limited by the container format. Selecting which streams from which inputs will go into which output is either done automatically or with the -map option (see the Stream selection chapter).

To refer to input files in options, you must use their indices (0-based). E.g. the first input file is 0, the second is 1, etc. Similarly, streams within a file are referred to by their indices. E.g. 2:3 refers to the fourth stream in the third input file. Also see the Stream specifiers chapter.

As a general rule, options are applied to the next specified file. Therefore, order is important, and you can have the same option on the command line multiple times. Each occurrence is then applied to the next input or output file. Exceptions from this rule are the global options (e.g. verbosity level), which should be specified first.

Do not mix input and output files – first specify all input files, then all output files. Also do not mix options which belong to different files. All options apply ONLY to the next input or output file and are reset between files.

• To set the video bitrate of the output file to 64 kbit/s:

  ffmpeg -i input.avi -b:v 64k -bufsize 64k output.avi
  

• To force the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

  ffmpeg -i input.avi -r 24 output.avi
  

• To force the frame rate of the input file (valid for raw formats only) to 1 fps and the frame rate of the output file to 24 fps:

  ffmpeg -r 1 -i input.m2v -r 24 output.avi
  

The format option may be needed for raw input files.

3 Detailed description

The transcoding process in ffmpeg for each output can be described by the following diagram:

 _______              ______________
|       |            |              |
| input |  demuxer   | encoded data |   decoder
| file  | ---------> | packets      | -----+
|_______|            |______________|      |
                                           v
                                       _________
                                      |         |
                                      | decoded |
                                      | frames  |
                                      |_________|
 ________             ______________       |
|        |           |              |      |
| output | <-------- | encoded data | <----+
| file   |   muxer   | packets      |   encoder
|________|           |______________|

ffmpeg calls the libavformat library (containing demuxers) to read input files and get packets containing encoded data from them. When there are multiple input files, ffmpeg tries to keep them synchronized by tracking lowest timestamp on any active input stream.

Encoded packets are then passed to the decoder (unless streamcopy is selected for the stream, see further for a description). The decoder produces uncompressed frames (raw video/PCM audio/...) which can be processed further by filtering (see next section). After filtering, the frames are passed to the encoder, which encodes them and outputs encoded packets. Finally those are passed to the muxer, which writes the encoded packets to the output file.

3.1 Filtering

Before encoding, ffmpeg can process raw audio and video frames using filters from the libavfilter library. Several chained filters form a filter graph. ffmpeg distinguishes between two types of filtergraphs: simple and complex.

3.1.1 Simple filtergraphs

Simple filtergraphs are those that have exactly one input and output, both of the same type. In the above diagram they can be represented by simply inserting an additional step between decoding and encoding:

 _________                        ______________
|         |                      |              |
| decoded |                      | encoded data |
| frames  |\                   _ | packets      |
|_________| \                  /||______________|
             \   __________   /
  simple     _\||          | /  encoder
  filtergraph   | filtered |/
                | frames   |
                |__________|

Simple filtergraphs are configured with the per-stream -filter option (with -vf and -af aliases for video and audio respectively). A simple filtergraph for video can look for example like this:

 _______        _____________        _______        ________
|       |      |             |      |       |      |        |
| input | ---> | deinterlace | ---> | scale | ---> | output |
|_______|      |_____________|      |_______|      |________|

Note that some filters change frame properties but not frame contents. E.g. the fps filter in the example above changes number of frames, but does not touch the frame contents. Another example is the setpts filter, which only sets timestamps and otherwise passes the frames unchanged.

3.1.2 Complex filtergraphs

Complex filtergraphs are those which cannot be described as simply a linear processing chain applied to one stream. This is the case, for example, when the graph has more than one input and/or output, or when output stream type is different from input. They can be represented with the following diagram:

 _________
|         |
| input 0 |\                    __________
|_________| \                  |          |
             \   _________    /| output 0 |
              \ |         |  / |__________|
 _________     \| complex | /
|         |     |         |/
| input 1 |---->| filter  |\
|_________|     |         | \   __________
               /| graph   |  \ |          |
              / |         |   \| output 1 |
 _________   /  |_________|    |__________|
|         | /
| input 2 |/
|_________|

Complex filtergraphs are configured with the -filter_complex option. Note that this option is global, since a complex filtergraph, by its nature, cannot be unambiguously associated with a single stream or file.

The -lavfi option is equivalent to -filter_complex.

A trivial example of a complex filtergraph is the overlay filter, which has two video inputs and one video output, containing one video overlaid on top of the other. Its audio counterpart is the amix filter.

3.2 Stream copy

Stream copy is a mode selected by supplying the copy parameter to the -codec option. It makes ffmpeg omit the decoding and encoding step for the specified stream, so it does only demuxing and muxing. It is useful for changing the container format or modifying container-level metadata. The diagram above will, in this case, simplify to this:

 _______              ______________            ________
|       |            |              |          |        |
| input |  demuxer   | encoded data |  muxer   | output |
| file  | ---------> | packets      | -------> | file   |
|_______|            |______________|          |________|

Since there is no decoding or encoding, it is very fast and there is no quality loss. However, it might not work in some cases because of many factors. Applying filters is obviously also impossible, since filters work on uncompressed data.

4 Stream selection

By default, ffmpeg includes only one stream of each type (video, audio, subtitle) present in the input files and adds them to each output file. It picks the "best" of each based upon the following criteria: for video, it is the stream with the highest resolution, for audio, it is the stream with the most channels, for subtitles, it is the first subtitle stream. In the case where several streams of the same type rate equally, the stream with the lowest index is chosen.

You can disable some of those defaults by using the -vn/-an/-sn options. For full manual control, use the -map option, which disables the defaults just described.

5 Options

All the numerical options, if not specified otherwise, accept a string representing a number as input, which may be followed by one of the SI unit prefixes, for example: ’K’, ’M’, or ’G’.

If ’i’ is appended to the SI unit prefix, the complete prefix will be interpreted as a unit prefix for binary multiples, which are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. Appending ’B’ to the SI unit prefix multiplies the value by 8. This allows using, for example: ’KB’, ’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as number suffixes.

Options which do not take arguments are boolean options, and set the corresponding value to true. They can be set to false by prefixing the option name with "no". For example using "-nofoo" will set the boolean option with name "foo" to false.

5.1 Stream specifiers

Some options are applied per-stream, e.g. bitrate or codec. Stream specifiers are used to precisely specify which stream(s) a given option belongs to.

A stream specifier is a string generally appended to the option name and separated from it by a colon. E.g. -codec:a:1 ac3 contains the a:1 stream specifier, which matches the second audio stream. Therefore, it would select the ac3 codec for the second audio stream.

A stream specifier can match several streams, so that the option is applied to all of them. E.g. the stream specifier in -b:a 128k matches all audio streams.

An empty stream specifier matches all streams. For example, -codec copy or -codec: copy would copy all the streams without reencoding.

Possible forms of stream specifiers are:

stream_index

Matches the stream with this index. E.g. -threads:1 4 would set the thread count for the second stream to 4.

stream_type[:stream_index]

stream_type is one of following: ’v’ for video, ’a’ for audio, ’s’ for subtitle, ’d’ for data, and ’t’ for attachments. If stream_index is given, then it matches stream number stream_index of this type. Otherwise, it matches all streams of this type.

p:program_id[:stream_index]

If stream_index is given, then it matches the stream with number stream_index in the program with the id program_id. Otherwise, it matches all streams in the program.

#stream_id or i:stream_id

Match the stream by stream id (e.g. PID in MPEG-TS container).

m:key[:value]

Matches streams with the metadata tag key having the specified value. If value is not given, matches streams that contain the given tag with any value.

u

Matches streams with usable configuration, the codec must be defined and the essential information such as video dimension or audio sample rate must be present.

Note that in ffmpeg, matching by metadata will only work properly for input files.

5.2 Generic options

These options are shared amongst the ff* tools.

-L

Show license.

-h, -?, -help, --help [arg]

Show help. An optional parameter may be specified to print help about a specific item. If no argument is specified, only basic (non advanced) tool options are shown.

Possible values of arg are:

long

Print advanced tool options in addition to the basic tool options.

full

Print complete list of options, including shared and private options for encoders, decoders, demuxers, muxers, filters, etc.

decoder=decoder_name

Print detailed information about the decoder named decoder_name. Use the -decoders option to get a list of all decoders.

encoder=encoder_name

Print detailed information about the encoder named encoder_name. Use the -encoders option to get a list of all encoders.

demuxer=demuxer_name

Print detailed information about the demuxer named demuxer_name. Use the -formats option to get a list of all demuxers and muxers.

muxer=muxer_name

Print detailed information about the muxer named muxer_name. Use the -formats option to get a list of all muxers and demuxers.

filter=filter_name

Print detailed information about the filter name filter_name. Use the -filters option to get a list of all filters.

-version

Show version.

-formats

Show available formats (including devices).

-devices

Show available devices.

-codecs

Show all codecs known to libavcodec.

Note that the term ’codec’ is used throughout this documentation as a shortcut for what is more correctly called a media bitstream format.

-decoders

Show available decoders.

-encoders

Show all available encoders.

-bsfs

Show available bitstream filters.

-protocols

Show available protocols.

-filters

Show available libavfilter filters.

-pix_fmts

Show available pixel formats.

-sample_fmts

Show available sample formats.

-layouts

Show channel names and standard channel layouts.

-colors

Show recognized color names.

-sources device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

Show autodetected sources of the intput device. Some devices may provide system-dependent source names that cannot be autodetected. The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

ffmpeg -sources pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-sinks device[,opt1=val1[,opt2=val2]...]

Show autodetected sinks of the output device. Some devices may provide system-dependent sink names that cannot be autodetected. The returned list cannot be assumed to be always complete.

ffmpeg -sinks pulse,server=192.168.0.4

-loglevel [repeat+]loglevel | -v [repeat+]loglevel

Set the logging level used by the library. Adding "repeat+" indicates that repeated log output should not be compressed to the first line and the "Last message repeated n times" line will be omitted. "repeat" can also be used alone. If "repeat" is used alone, and with no prior loglevel set, the default loglevel will be used. If multiple loglevel parameters are given, using ’repeat’ will not change the loglevel. loglevel is a string or a number containing one of the following values:

‘quiet, -8’

Show nothing at all; be silent.

‘panic, 0’

Only show fatal errors which could lead the process to crash, such as and assert failure. This is not currently used for anything.

‘fatal, 8’

Only show fatal errors. These are errors after which the process absolutely cannot continue after.

‘error, 16’

Show all errors, including ones which can be recovered from.

‘warning, 24’

Show all warnings and errors. Any message related to possibly incorrect or unexpected events will be shown.

‘info, 32’

Show informative messages during processing. This is in addition to warnings and errors. This is the default value.

‘verbose, 40’

Same as info, except more verbose.

‘debug, 48’

Show everything, including debugging information.

‘trace, 56’

By default the program logs to stderr, if coloring is supported by the terminal, colors are used to mark errors and warnings. Log coloring can be disabled setting the environment variable AV_LOG_FORCE_NOCOLOR or NO_COLOR, or can be forced setting the environment variable AV_LOG_FORCE_COLOR. The use of the environment variable NO_COLOR is deprecated and will be dropped in a following FFmpeg version.

-report

Dump full command line and console output to a file named program-YYYYMMDD-HHMMSS.log in the current directory. This file can be useful for bug reports. It also implies -loglevel verbose.

Setting the environment variable FFREPORT to any value has the same effect. If the value is a ’:’-separated key=value sequence, these options will affect the report; option values must be escaped if they contain special characters or the options delimiter ’:’ (see the “Quoting and escaping” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual).

The following options are recognized:

file

set the file name to use for the report; %p is expanded to the name of the program, %t is expanded to a timestamp, %% is expanded to a plain %

level

set the log verbosity level using a numerical value (see -loglevel).

For example, to output a report to a file named ffreport.log using a log level of 32 (alias for log level info):

FFREPORT=file=ffreport.log:level=32 ffmpeg -i input output

Errors in parsing the environment variable are not fatal, and will not appear in the report.

-hide_banner

Suppress printing banner.

All FFmpeg tools will normally show a copyright notice, build options and library versions. This option can be used to suppress printing this information.

-cpuflags flags (global)

Allows setting and clearing cpu flags. This option is intended for testing. Do not use it unless you know what you’re doing.

ffmpeg -cpuflags -sse+mmx ...
ffmpeg -cpuflags mmx ...
ffmpeg -cpuflags 0 ...

Possible flags for this option are:

‘x86’

‘mmx’

‘mmxext’

‘sse’

‘sse2’

‘sse2slow’

‘sse3’

‘sse3slow’

‘ssse3’

‘atom’

‘sse4.1’

‘sse4.2’

‘avx’

‘avx2’

‘xop’

‘fma3’

‘fma4’

‘3dnow’

‘3dnowext’

‘bmi1’

‘bmi2’

‘cmov’

‘ARM’

‘armv5te’

‘armv6’

‘armv6t2’

‘vfp’

‘vfpv3’

‘neon’

‘setend’

‘AArch64’

‘armv8’

‘vfp’

‘neon’

‘PowerPC’

‘altivec’

‘Specific Processors’

‘pentium2’

‘pentium3’

‘pentium4’

‘k6’

‘k62’

‘athlon’

‘athlonxp’

‘k8’

-opencl_bench

This option is used to benchmark all available OpenCL devices and print the results. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with --enable-opencl.

When FFmpeg is configured with --enable-opencl, the options for the global OpenCL context are set via -opencl_options. See the "OpenCL Options" section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the complete list of supported options. Amongst others, these options include the ability to select a specific platform and device to run the OpenCL code on. By default, FFmpeg will run on the first device of the first platform. While the options for the global OpenCL context provide flexibility to the user in selecting the OpenCL device of their choice, most users would probably want to select the fastest OpenCL device for their system.

This option assists the selection of the most efficient configuration by identifying the appropriate device for the user’s system. The built-in benchmark is run on all the OpenCL devices and the performance is measured for each device. The devices in the results list are sorted based on their performance with the fastest device listed first. The user can subsequently invoke ffmpeg using the device deemed most appropriate via -opencl_options to obtain the best performance for the OpenCL accelerated code.

Typical usage to use the fastest OpenCL device involve the following steps.

Run the command:

ffmpeg -opencl_bench

Note down the platform ID (pidx) and device ID (didx) of the first i.e. fastest device in the list. Select the platform and device using the command:

ffmpeg -opencl_options platform_idx=pidx:device_idx=didx ...

-opencl_options options (global)

Set OpenCL environment options. This option is only available when FFmpeg has been compiled with --enable-opencl.

options must be a list of key=value option pairs separated by ’:’. See the “OpenCL Options” section in the ffmpeg-utils manual for the list of supported options.

5.3 AVOptions

These options are provided directly by the libavformat, libavdevice and libavcodec libraries. To see the list of available AVOptions, use the -help option. They are separated into two categories:

generic

These options can be set for any container, codec or device. Generic options are listed under AVFormatContext options for containers/devices and under AVCodecContext options for codecs.

private

These options are specific to the given container, device or codec. Private options are listed under their corresponding containers/devices/codecs.

For example to write an ID3v2.3 header instead of a default ID3v2.4 to an MP3 file, use the id3v2_version private option of the MP3 muxer:

ffmpeg -i input.flac -id3v2_version 3 out.mp3

All codec AVOptions are per-stream, and thus a stream specifier should be attached to them.

Note: the -nooption syntax cannot be used for boolean AVOptions, use -option 0/-option 1.

Note: the old undocumented way of specifying per-stream AVOptions by prepending v/a/s to the options name is now obsolete and will be removed soon.

5.4 Main options

-f fmt (input/output)

Force input or output file format. The format is normally auto detected for input files and guessed from the file extension for output files, so this option is not needed in most cases.

-i filename (input)

input file name

-y (global)

Overwrite output files without asking.

-n (global)

Do not overwrite output files, and exit immediately if a specified output file already exists.

-c[:stream_specifier] codec (input/output,per-stream)

-codec[:stream_specifier] codec (input/output,per-stream)

Select an encoder (when used before an output file) or a decoder (when used before an input file) for one or more streams. codec is the name of a decoder/encoder or a special value copy (output only) to indicate that the stream is not to be re-encoded.

For example

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c:v libx264 -c:a copy OUTPUT

encodes all video streams with libx264 and copies all audio streams.

For each stream, the last matching c option is applied, so

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -c copy -c:v:1 libx264 -c:a:137 libvorbis OUTPUT

will copy all the streams except the second video, which will be encoded with libx264, and the 138th audio, which will be encoded with libvorbis.

-t duration (input/output)

When used as an input option (before -i), limit the duration of data read from the input file.

When used as an output option (before an output filename), stop writing the output after its duration reaches duration.

duration may be a number in seconds, or in hh:mm:ss[.xxx] form.

-to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-to position (output)

Stop writing the output at position. position may be a number in seconds, or in hh:mm:ss[.xxx] form.

-to and -t are mutually exclusive and -t has priority.

-fs limit_size (output)

Set the file size limit, expressed in bytes.

-ss position (input/output)

When used as an input option (before -i), seeks in this input file to position. Note the in most formats it is not possible to seek exactly, so ffmpeg will seek to the closest seek point before position. When transcoding and -accurate_seek is enabled (the default), this extra segment between the seek point and position will be decoded and discarded. When doing stream copy or when -noaccurate_seek is used, it will be preserved.

When used as an output option (before an output filename), decodes but discards input until the timestamps reach position.

position may be either in seconds or in hh:mm:ss[.xxx] form.

-itsoffset offset (input)

Set the input time offset.

offset must be a time duration specification, see (ffmpeg-utils)the Time duration section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

The offset is added to the timestamps of the input files. Specifying a positive offset means that the corresponding streams are delayed by the time duration specified in offset.

-timestamp date (output)

Set the recording timestamp in the container.

date must be a time duration specification, see (ffmpeg-utils)the Date section in the ffmpeg-utils(1) manual.

-metadata[:metadata_specifier] key=value (output,per-metadata)

Set a metadata key/value pair.

An optional metadata_specifier may be given to set metadata on streams or chapters. See -map_metadata documentation for details.

This option overrides metadata set with -map_metadata. It is also possible to delete metadata by using an empty value.

For example, for setting the title in the output file:

ffmpeg -i in.avi -metadata title="my title" out.flv

To set the language of the first audio stream:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng OUTPUT

-target type (output)

Specify target file type (vcd, svcd, dvd, dv, dv50). type may be prefixed with pal-, ntsc- or film- to use the corresponding standard. All the format options (bitrate, codecs, buffer sizes) are then set automatically. You can just type:

ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd /tmp/vcd.mpg

Nevertheless you can specify additional options as long as you know they do not conflict with the standard, as in:

ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -target vcd -bf 2 /tmp/vcd.mpg

-dframes number (output)

Set the number of data frames to output. This is an alias for -frames:d.

-frames[:stream_specifier] framecount (output,per-stream)

Stop writing to the stream after framecount frames.

-q[:stream_specifier] q (output,per-stream)

-qscale[:stream_specifier] q (output,per-stream)

Use fixed quality scale (VBR). The meaning of q/qscale is codec-dependent. If qscale is used without a stream_specifier then it applies only to the video stream, this is to maintain compatibility with previous behavior and as specifying the same codec specific value to 2 different codecs that is audio and video generally is not what is intended when no stream_specifier is used.

-filter[:stream_specifier] filtergraph (output,per-stream)

Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter the stream.

filtergraph is a description of the filtergraph to apply to the stream, and must have a single input and a single output of the same type of the stream. In the filtergraph, the input is associated to the label in, and the output to the label out. See the ffmpeg-filters manual for more information about the filtergraph syntax.

See the -filter_complex option if you want to create filtergraphs with multiple inputs and/or outputs.

-filter_script[:stream_specifier] filename (output,per-stream)

This option is similar to -filter, the only difference is that its argument is the name of the file from which a filtergraph description is to be read.

-pre[:stream_specifier] preset_name (output,per-stream)

Specify the preset for matching stream(s).

-stats (global)

Print encoding progress/statistics. It is on by default, to explicitly disable it you need to specify -nostats.

-progress url (global)

Send program-friendly progress information to url.

Progress information is written approximately every second and at the end of the encoding process. It is made of "key=value" lines. key consists of only alphanumeric characters. The last key of a sequence of progress information is always "progress".

-stdin

Enable interaction on standard input. On by default unless standard input is used as an input. To explicitly disable interaction you need to specify -nostdin.

Disabling interaction on standard input is useful, for example, if ffmpeg is in the background process group. Roughly the same result can be achieved with ffmpeg ... < /dev/null but it requires a shell.

-debug_ts (global)

Print timestamp information. It is off by default. This option is mostly useful for testing and debugging purposes, and the output format may change from one version to another, so it should not be employed by portable scripts.

See also the option -fdebug ts.

-attach filename (output)

Add an attachment to the output file. This is supported by a few formats like Matroska for e.g. fonts used in rendering subtitles. Attachments are implemented as a specific type of stream, so this option will add a new stream to the file. It is then possible to use per-stream options on this stream in the usual way. Attachment streams created with this option will be created after all the other streams (i.e. those created with -map or automatic mappings).

Note that for Matroska you also have to set the mimetype metadata tag:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -attach DejaVuSans.ttf -metadata:s:2 mimetype=application/x-truetype-font out.mkv

(assuming that the attachment stream will be third in the output file).

-dump_attachment[:stream_specifier] filename (input,per-stream)

Extract the matching attachment stream into a file named filename. If filename is empty, then the value of the filename metadata tag will be used.

E.g. to extract the first attachment to a file named ’out.ttf’:

ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t:0 out.ttf -i INPUT

To extract all attachments to files determined by the filename tag:

ffmpeg -dump_attachment:t "" -i INPUT

Technical note – attachments are implemented as codec extradata, so this option can actually be used to extract extradata from any stream, not just attachments.

-noautorotate

Disable automatically rotating video based on file metadata.

5.5 Video Options

-vframes number (output)

Set the number of video frames to output. This is an alias for -frames:v.

-r[:stream_specifier] fps (input/output,per-stream)

Set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation).

As an input option, ignore any timestamps stored in the file and instead generate timestamps assuming constant frame rate fps. This is not the same as the -framerate option used for some input formats like image2 or v4l2 (it used to be the same in older versions of FFmpeg). If in doubt use -framerate instead of the input option -r.

As an output option, duplicate or drop input frames to achieve constant output frame rate fps.

-s[:stream_specifier] size (input/output,per-stream)

Set frame size.

As an input option, this is a shortcut for the video_size private option, recognized by some demuxers for which the frame size is either not stored in the file or is configurable – e.g. raw video or video grabbers.

As an output option, this inserts the scale video filter to the end of the corresponding filtergraph. Please use the scale filter directly to insert it at the beginning or some other place.

The format is ‘wxh’ (default - same as source).

-aspect[:stream_specifier] aspect (output,per-stream)

Set the video display aspect ratio specified by aspect.

aspect can be a floating point number string, or a string of the form num:den, where num and den are the numerator and denominator of the aspect ratio. For example "4:3", "16:9", "1.3333", and "1.7777" are valid argument values.

If used together with -vcodec copy, it will affect the aspect ratio stored at container level, but not the aspect ratio stored in encoded frames, if it exists.

-vn (output)

Disable video recording.

-vcodec codec (output)

Set the video codec. This is an alias for -codec:v.

-pass[:stream_specifier] n (output,per-stream)

Select the pass number (1 or 2). It is used to do two-pass video encoding. The statistics of the video are recorded in the first pass into a log file (see also the option -passlogfile), and in the second pass that log file is used to generate the video at the exact requested bitrate. On pass 1, you may just deactivate audio and set output to null, examples for Windows and Unix:

ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y NUL
ffmpeg -i foo.mov -c:v libxvid -pass 1 -an -f rawvideo -y /dev/null

-passlogfile[:stream_specifier] prefix (output,per-stream)

Set two-pass log file name prefix to prefix, the default file name prefix is “ffmpeg2pass”. The complete file name will be PREFIX-N.log, where N is a number specific to the output stream

-vf filtergraph (output)

Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter the stream.

This is an alias for -filter:v, see the -filter option.

5.6 Advanced Video options

-pix_fmt[:stream_specifier] format (input/output,per-stream)

Set pixel format. Use -pix_fmts to show all the supported pixel formats. If the selected pixel format can not be selected, ffmpeg will print a warning and select the best pixel format supported by the encoder. If pix_fmt is prefixed by a +, ffmpeg will exit with an error if the requested pixel format can not be selected, and automatic conversions inside filtergraphs are disabled. If pix_fmt is a single +, ffmpeg selects the same pixel format as the input (or graph output) and automatic conversions are disabled.

-sws_flags flags (input/output)

Set SwScaler flags.

-vdt n

Discard threshold.

-rc_override[:stream_specifier] override (output,per-stream)

Rate control override for specific intervals, formatted as "int,int,int" list separated with slashes. Two first values are the beginning and end frame numbers, last one is quantizer to use if positive, or quality factor if negative.

-ilme

Force interlacing support in encoder (MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 only). Use this option if your input file is interlaced and you want to keep the interlaced format for minimum losses. The alternative is to deinterlace the input stream with -deinterlace, but deinterlacing introduces losses.

-psnr

Calculate PSNR of compressed frames.

-vstats

Dump video coding statistics to vstats_HHMMSS.log.

-vstats_file file

Dump video coding statistics to file.

-top[:stream_specifier] n (output,per-stream)

top=1/bottom=0/auto=-1 field first

-dc precision

Intra_dc_precision.

-vtag fourcc/tag (output)

Force video tag/fourcc. This is an alias for -tag:v.

-qphist (global)

Show QP histogram

-vbsf bitstream_filter

Deprecated see -bsf

-force_key_frames[:stream_specifier] time[,time...] (output,per-stream)

-force_key_frames[:stream_specifier] expr:expr (output,per-stream)

Force key frames at the specified timestamps, more precisely at the first frames after each specified time.

If the argument is prefixed with expr:, the string expr is interpreted like an expression and is evaluated for each frame. A key frame is forced in case the evaluation is non-zero.

If one of the times is "chapters[delta]", it is expanded into the time of the beginning of all chapters in the file, shifted by delta, expressed as a time in seconds. This option can be useful to ensure that a seek point is present at a chapter mark or any other designated place in the output file.

For example, to insert a key frame at 5 minutes, plus key frames 0.1 second before the beginning of every chapter:

-force_key_frames 0:05:00,chapters-0.1

The expression in expr can contain the following constants:

n

the number of current processed frame, starting from 0

n_forced

the number of forced frames

prev_forced_n

the number of the previous forced frame, it is NAN when no keyframe was forced yet

prev_forced_t

the time of the previous forced frame, it is NAN when no keyframe was forced yet

t

the time of the current processed frame

For example to force a key frame every 5 seconds, you can specify:

-force_key_frames expr:gte(t,n_forced*5)

To force a key frame 5 seconds after the time of the last forced one, starting from second 13:

-force_key_frames expr:if(isnan(prev_forced_t),gte(t,13),gte(t,prev_forced_t+5))

Note that forcing too many keyframes is very harmful for the lookahead algorithms of certain encoders: using fixed-GOP options or similar would be more efficient.

-copyinkf[:stream_specifier] (output,per-stream)

When doing stream copy, copy also non-key frames found at the beginning.

-hwaccel[:stream_specifier] hwaccel (input,per-stream)

Use hardware acceleration to decode the matching stream(s). The allowed values of hwaccel are:

none

Do not use any hardware acceleration (the default).

auto

Automatically select the hardware acceleration method.

vda

Use Apple VDA hardware acceleration.

vdpau

Use VDPAU (Video Decode and Presentation API for Unix) hardware acceleration.

dxva2

Use DXVA2 (DirectX Video Acceleration) hardware acceleration.

This option has no effect if the selected hwaccel is not available or not supported by the chosen decoder.

Note that most acceleration methods are intended for playback and will not be faster than software decoding on modern CPUs. Additionally, ffmpeg will usually need to copy the decoded frames from the GPU memory into the system memory, resulting in further performance loss. This option is thus mainly useful for testing.

-hwaccel_device[:stream_specifier] hwaccel_device (input,per-stream)

Select a device to use for hardware acceleration.

This option only makes sense when the -hwaccel option is also specified. Its exact meaning depends on the specific hardware acceleration method chosen.

vdpau

For VDPAU, this option specifies the X11 display/screen to use. If this option is not specified, the value of the DISPLAY environment variable is used

dxva2

For DXVA2, this option should contain the number of the display adapter to use. If this option is not specified, the default adapter is used.

5.7 Audio Options

-aframes number (output)

Set the number of audio frames to output. This is an alias for -frames:a.

-ar[:stream_specifier] freq (input/output,per-stream)

Set the audio sampling frequency. For output streams it is set by default to the frequency of the corresponding input stream. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.

-aq q (output)

Set the audio quality (codec-specific, VBR). This is an alias for -q:a.

-ac[:stream_specifier] channels (input/output,per-stream)

Set the number of audio channels. For output streams it is set by default to the number of input audio channels. For input streams this option only makes sense for audio grabbing devices and raw demuxers and is mapped to the corresponding demuxer options.

-an (output)

Disable audio recording.

-acodec codec (input/output)

Set the audio codec. This is an alias for -codec:a.

-sample_fmt[:stream_specifier] sample_fmt (output,per-stream)

Set the audio sample format. Use -sample_fmts to get a list of supported sample formats.

-af filtergraph (output)

Create the filtergraph specified by filtergraph and use it to filter the stream.

This is an alias for -filter:a, see the -filter option.

5.8 Advanced Audio options

-atag fourcc/tag (output)

Force audio tag/fourcc. This is an alias for -tag:a.

-absf bitstream_filter

Deprecated, see -bsf

-guess_layout_max channels (input,per-stream)

If some input channel layout is not known, try to guess only if it corresponds to at most the specified number of channels. For example, 2 tells to ffmpeg to recognize 1 channel as mono and 2 channels as stereo but not 6 channels as 5.1. The default is to always try to guess. Use 0 to disable all guessing.

5.9 Subtitle options

-scodec codec (input/output)

Set the subtitle codec. This is an alias for -codec:s.

-sn (output)

Disable subtitle recording.

-sbsf bitstream_filter

Deprecated, see -bsf

5.10 Advanced Subtitle options

-fix_sub_duration

Fix subtitles durations. For each subtitle, wait for the next packet in the same stream and adjust the duration of the first to avoid overlap. This is necessary with some subtitles codecs, especially DVB subtitles, because the duration in the original packet is only a rough estimate and the end is actually marked by an empty subtitle frame. Failing to use this option when necessary can result in exaggerated durations or muxing failures due to non-monotonic timestamps.

Note that this option will delay the output of all data until the next subtitle packet is decoded: it may increase memory consumption and latency a lot.

-canvas_size size

Set the size of the canvas used to render subtitles.

5.11 Advanced options

-map [-]input_file_id[:stream_specifier][,sync_file_id[:stream_specifier]] | [linklabel] (output)

Designate one or more input streams as a source for the output file. Each input stream is identified by the input file index input_file_id and the input stream index input_stream_id within the input file. Both indices start at 0. If specified, sync_file_id:stream_specifier sets which input stream is used as a presentation sync reference.

The first -map option on the command line specifies the source for output stream 0, the second -map option specifies the source for output stream 1, etc.

A - character before the stream identifier creates a "negative" mapping. It disables matching streams from already created mappings.

An alternative [linklabel] form will map outputs from complex filter graphs (see the -filter_complex option) to the output file. linklabel must correspond to a defined output link label in the graph.

For example, to map ALL streams from the first input file to output

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 output

For example, if you have two audio streams in the first input file, these streams are identified by "0:0" and "0:1". You can use -map to select which streams to place in an output file. For example:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:1 out.wav

will map the input stream in INPUT identified by "0:1" to the (single) output stream in out.wav.

For example, to select the stream with index 2 from input file a.mov (specified by the identifier "0:2"), and stream with index 6 from input b.mov (specified by the identifier "1:6"), and copy them to the output file out.mov:

ffmpeg -i a.mov -i b.mov -c copy -map 0:2 -map 1:6 out.mov

To select all video and the third audio stream from an input file:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:v -map 0:a:2 OUTPUT

To map all the streams except the second audio, use negative mappings

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0 -map -0:a:1 OUTPUT

To pick the English audio stream:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map 0:m:language:eng OUTPUT

Note that using this option disables the default mappings for this output file.

-ignore_unknown

Ignore input streams with unknown type instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted.

-copy_unknown

Allow input streams with unknown type to be copied instead of failing if copying such streams is attempted.

-map_channel [input_file_id.stream_specifier.channel_id|-1][:output_file_id.stream_specifier]

Map an audio channel from a given input to an output. If output_file_id.stream_specifier is not set, the audio channel will be mapped on all the audio streams.

Using "-1" instead of input_file_id.stream_specifier.channel_id will map a muted channel.

For example, assuming INPUT is a stereo audio file, you can switch the two audio channels with the following command:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.1 -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT

If you want to mute the first channel and keep the second:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel -1 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT

The order of the "-map_channel" option specifies the order of the channels in the output stream. The output channel layout is guessed from the number of channels mapped (mono if one "-map_channel", stereo if two, etc.). Using "-ac" in combination of "-map_channel" makes the channel gain levels to be updated if input and output channel layouts don’t match (for instance two "-map_channel" options and "-ac 6").

You can also extract each channel of an input to specific outputs; the following command extracts two channels of the INPUT audio stream (file 0, stream 0) to the respective OUTPUT_CH0 and OUTPUT_CH1 outputs:

ffmpeg -i INPUT -map_channel 0.0.0 OUTPUT_CH0 -map_channel 0.0.1 OUTPUT_CH1

The following example splits the channels of a stereo input into two separate streams, which are put into the same output file:

ffmpeg -i stereo.wav -map 0:0 -map 0:0 -map_channel 0.0.0:0.0 -map_channel 0.0.1:0.1 -y out.ogg

Note that currently each output stream can only contain channels from a single input stream; you can’t for example use "-map_channel" to pick multiple input audio channels contained in different streams (from the same or different files) and merge them into a single output stream. It is therefore not currently possible, for example, to turn two separate mono streams into a single stereo stream. However splitting a stereo stream into two single channel mono streams is possible.

If you need this feature, a possible workaround is to use the amerge filter. For example, if you need to merge a media (here input.mkv) with 2 mono audio streams into one single stereo channel audio stream (and keep the video stream), you can use the following command:

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -filter_complex "[0:1] [0:2] amerge" -c:a pcm_s16le -c:v copy output.mkv

-map_metadata[:metadata_spec_out] infile[:metadata_spec_in] (output,per-metadata)

Set metadata information of the next output file from infile. Note that those are file indices (zero-based), not filenames. Optional metadata_spec_in/out parameters specify, which metadata to copy. A metadata specifier can have the following forms:

g

global metadata, i.e. metadata that applies to the whole file

s[:stream_spec]

per-stream metadata. stream_spec is a stream specifier as described in the Stream specifiers chapter. In an input metadata specifier, the first matching stream is copied from. In an output metadata specifier, all matching streams are copied to.

c:chapter_index

per-chapter metadata. chapter_index is the zero-based chapter index.

p:program_index

per-program metadata. program_index is the zero-based program index.

If metadata specifier is omitted, it defaults to global.

By default, global metadata is copied from the first input file, per-stream and per-chapter metadata is copied along with streams/chapters. These default mappings are disabled by creating any mapping of the relevant type. A negative file index can be used to create a dummy mapping that just disables automatic copying.

For example to copy metadata from the first stream of the input file to global metadata of the output file:

ffmpeg -i in.ogg -map_metadata 0:s:0 out.mp3

To do the reverse, i.e. copy global metadata to all audio streams:

ffmpeg -i in.mkv -map_metadata:s:a 0:g out.mkv

Note that simple 0 would work as well in this example, since global metadata is assumed by default.

-map_chapters input_file_index (output)

Copy chapters from input file with index input_file_index to the next output file. If no chapter mapping is specified, then chapters are copied from the first input file with at least one chapter. Use a negative file index to disable any chapter copying.

-benchmark (global)

Show benchmarking information at the end of an encode. Shows CPU time used and maximum memory consumption. Maximum memory consumption is not supported on all systems, it will usually display as 0 if not supported.

-benchmark_all (global)

Show benchmarking information during the encode. Shows CPU time used in various steps (audio/video encode/decode).

-timelimit duration (global)

Exit after ffmpeg has been running for duration seconds.

-dump (global)

Dump each input packet to stderr.

-hex (global)

When dumping packets, also dump the payload.

-re (input)

Read input at native frame rate. Mainly used to simulate a grab device. or live input stream (e.g. when reading from a file). Should not be used with actual grab devices or live input streams (where it can cause packet loss). By default ffmpeg attempts to read the input(s) as fast as possible. This option will slow down the reading of the input(s) to the native frame rate of the input(s). It is useful for real-time output (e.g. live streaming).

-loop_input

Loop over the input stream. Currently it works only for image streams. This option is used for automatic FFserver testing. This option is deprecated, use -loop 1.

-loop_output number_of_times

Repeatedly loop output for formats that support looping such as animated GIF (0 will loop the output infinitely). This option is deprecated, use -loop.

-vsync parameter

Video sync method. For compatibility reasons old values can be specified as numbers. Newly added values will have to be specified as strings always.

0, passthrough

Each frame is passed with its timestamp from the demuxer to the muxer.

1, cfr

Frames will be duplicated and dropped to achieve exactly the requested constant frame rate.

2, vfr

Frames are passed through with their timestamp or dropped so as to prevent 2 frames from having the same timestamp.

drop

As passthrough but destroys all timestamps, making the muxer generate fresh timestamps based on frame-rate.

-1, auto

Chooses between 1 and 2 depending on muxer capabilities. This is the default method.

Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after this. For example, in the case that the format option avoid_negative_ts is enabled.

With -map you can select from which stream the timestamps should be taken. You can leave either video or audio unchanged and sync the remaining stream(s) to the unchanged one.

-frame_drop_threshold parameter

Frame drop threshold, which specifies how much behind video frames can be before they are dropped. In frame rate units, so 1.0 is one frame. The default is -1.1. One possible usecase is to avoid framedrops in case of noisy timestamps or to increase frame drop precision in case of exact timestamps.

-async samples_per_second

Audio sync method. "Stretches/squeezes" the audio stream to match the timestamps, the parameter is the maximum samples per second by which the audio is changed. -async 1 is a special case where only the start of the audio stream is corrected without any later correction.

Note that the timestamps may be further modified by the muxer, after this. For example, in the case that the format option avoid_negative_ts is enabled.

This option has been deprecated. Use the aresample audio filter instead.

-copyts

Do not process input timestamps, but keep their values without trying to sanitize them. In particular, do not remove the initial start time offset value.

Note that, depending on the vsync option or on specific muxer processing (e.g. in case the format option avoid_negative_ts is enabled) the output timestamps may mismatch with the input timestamps even when this option is selected.

-start_at_zero

When used with copyts, shift input timestamps so they start at zero.

This means that using e.g. -ss 50 will make output timestamps start at 50 seconds, regardless of what timestamp the input file started at.

-copytb mode

Specify how to set the encoder timebase when stream copying. mode is an integer numeric value, and can assume one of the following values:

1

Use the demuxer timebase.

The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input demuxer. This is sometimes required to avoid non monotonically increasing timestamps when copying video streams with variable frame rate.

0

Use the decoder timebase.

The time base is copied to the output encoder from the corresponding input decoder.

-1

Try to make the choice automatically, in order to generate a sane output.

Default value is -1.

-shortest (output)

Finish encoding when the shortest input stream ends.

-dts_delta_threshold

Timestamp discontinuity delta threshold.

-muxdelay seconds (input)

Set the maximum demux-decode delay.

-muxpreload seconds (input)

Set the initial demux-decode delay.

-streamid output-stream-index:new-value (output)

Assign a new stream-id value to an output stream. This option should be specified prior to the output filename to which it applies. For the situation where multiple output files exist, a streamid may be reassigned to a different value.

For example, to set the stream 0 PID to 33 and the stream 1 PID to 36 for an output mpegts file:

ffmpeg -i infile -streamid 0:33 -streamid 1:36 out.ts

-bsf[:stream_specifier] bitstream_filters (output,per-stream)

Set bitstream filters for matching streams. bitstream_filters is a comma-separated list of bitstream filters. Use the -bsfs option to get the list of bitstream filters.

ffmpeg -i h264.mp4 -c:v copy -bsf:v h264_mp4toannexb -an out.h264

ffmpeg -i file.mov -an -vn -bsf:s mov2textsub -c:s copy -f rawvideo sub.txt

-tag[:stream_specifier] codec_tag (input/output,per-stream)

Force a tag/fourcc for matching streams.

-timecode hh:mm:ssSEPff

Specify Timecode for writing. SEP is ’:’ for non drop timecode and ’;’ (or ’.’) for drop.

ffmpeg -i input.mpg -timecode 01:02:03.04 -r 30000/1001 -s ntsc output.mpg

-filter_complex filtergraph (global)

Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or outputs. For simple graphs – those with one input and one output of the same type – see the -filter options. filtergraph is a description of the filtergraph, as described in the “Filtergraph syntax” section of the ffmpeg-filters manual.

Input link labels must refer to input streams using the [file_index:stream_specifier] syntax (i.e. the same as -map uses). If stream_specifier matches multiple streams, the first one will be used. An unlabeled input will be connected to the first unused input stream of the matching type.

Output link labels are referred to with -map. Unlabeled outputs are added to the first output file.

Note that with this option it is possible to use only lavfi sources without normal input files.

For example, to overlay an image over video

ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex '[0:v][1:v]overlay[out]' -map
'[out]' out.mkv

Here [0:v] refers to the first video stream in the first input file, which is linked to the first (main) input of the overlay filter. Similarly the first video stream in the second input is linked to the second (overlay) input of overlay.

Assuming there is only one video stream in each input file, we can omit input labels, so the above is equivalent to

ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay[out]' -map
'[out]' out.mkv

Furthermore we can omit the output label and the single output from the filter graph will be added to the output file automatically, so we can simply write

ffmpeg -i video.mkv -i image.png -filter_complex 'overlay' out.mkv

To generate 5 seconds of pure red video using lavfi color source:

ffmpeg -filter_complex 'color=c=red' -t 5 out.mkv

-lavfi filtergraph (global)

Define a complex filtergraph, i.e. one with arbitrary number of inputs and/or outputs. Equivalent to -filter_complex.

-filter_complex_script filename (global)

This option is similar to -filter_complex, the only difference is that its argument is the name of the file from which a complex filtergraph description is to be read.

-accurate_seek (input)

This option enables or disables accurate seeking in input files with the -ss option. It is enabled by default, so seeking is accurate when transcoding. Use -noaccurate_seek to disable it, which may be useful e.g. when copying some streams and transcoding the others.

-seek_timestamp (input)

This option enables or disables seeking by timestamp in input files with the -ss option. It is disabled by default. If enabled, the argument to the -ss option is considered an actual timestamp, and is not offset by the start time of the file. This matters only for files which do not start from timestamp 0, such as transport streams.

-thread_queue_size size (input)

This option sets the maximum number of queued packets when reading from the file or device. With low latency / high rate live streams, packets may be discarded if they are not read in a timely manner; raising this value can avoid it.

-override_ffserver (global)

Overrides the input specifications from ffserver. Using this option you can map any input stream to ffserver and control many aspects of the encoding from ffmpeg. Without this option ffmpeg will transmit to ffserver what is requested by ffserver.

The option is intended for cases where features are needed that cannot be specified to ffserver but can be to ffmpeg.

-sdp_file file (global)

Print sdp information to file. This allows dumping sdp information when at least one output isn’t an rtp stream.

-discard (input)

Allows discarding specific streams or frames of streams at the demuxer. Not all demuxers support this.

none

Discard no frame.

default

Default, which discards no frames.

noref

Discard all non-reference frames.

bidir

Discard all bidirectional frames.

nokey

Discard all frames excepts keyframes.

all

Discard all frames.

-xerror (global)

Stop and exit on error

As a special exception, you can use a bitmap subtitle stream as input: it will be converted into a video with the same size as the largest video in the file, or 720x576 if no video is present. Note that this is an experimental and temporary solution. It will be removed once libavfilter has proper support for subtitles.

For example, to hardcode subtitles on top of a DVB-T recording stored in MPEG-TS format, delaying the subtitles by 1 second:

ffmpeg -i input.ts -filter_complex \
  '[#0x2ef] setpts=PTS+1/TB [sub] ; [#0x2d0] [sub] overlay' \
  -sn -map '#0x2dc' output.mkv

(0x2d0, 0x2dc and 0x2ef are the MPEG-TS PIDs of respectively the video, audio and subtitles streams; 0:0, 0:3 and 0:7 would have worked too)

5.12 Preset files

A preset file contains a sequence of option=value pairs, one for each line, specifying a sequence of options which would be awkward to specify on the command line. Lines starting with the hash (’#’) character are ignored and are used to provide comments. Check the presets directory in the FFmpeg source tree for examples.

There are two types of preset files: ffpreset and avpreset files.

5.12.1 ffpreset files

ffpreset files are specified with the vpre, apre, spre, and fpre options. The fpre option takes the filename of the preset instead of a preset name as input and can be used for any kind of codec. For the vpre, apre, and spre options, the options specified in a preset file are applied to the currently selected codec of the same type as the preset option.

The argument passed to the vpre, apre, and spre preset options identifies the preset file to use according to the following rules:

First ffmpeg searches for a file named arg.ffpreset in the directories $FFMPEG_DATADIR (if set), and $HOME/.ffmpeg, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually PREFIX/share/ffmpeg) or in a ffpresets folder along the executable on win32, in that order. For example, if the argument is libvpx-1080p, it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named codec_name-arg.ffpreset in the above-mentioned directories, where codec_name is the name of the codec to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select the video codec with -vcodec libvpx and use -vpre 1080p, then it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.ffpreset.

5.12.2 avpreset files

avpreset files are specified with the pre option. They work similar to ffpreset files, but they only allow encoder- specific options. Therefore, an option=value pair specifying an encoder cannot be used.

When the pre option is specified, ffmpeg will look for files with the suffix .avpreset in the directories $AVCONV_DATADIR (if set), and $HOME/.avconv, and in the datadir defined at configuration time (usually PREFIX/share/ffmpeg), in that order.

First ffmpeg searches for a file named codec_name-arg.avpreset in the above-mentioned directories, where codec_name is the name of the codec to which the preset file options will be applied. For example, if you select the video codec with -vcodec libvpx and use -pre 1080p, then it will search for the file libvpx-1080p.avpreset.

If no such file is found, then ffmpeg will search for a file named arg.avpreset in the same directories.

6 Examples

6.1 Video and Audio grabbing

If you specify the input format and device then ffmpeg can grab video and audio directly.

ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Or with an ALSA audio source (mono input, card id 1) instead of OSS:

ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 1 -i hw:1 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

Note that you must activate the right video source and channel before launching ffmpeg with any TV viewer such as xawtv by Gerd Knorr. You also have to set the audio recording levels correctly with a standard mixer.

6.2 X11 grabbing

Grab the X11 display with ffmpeg via

ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY environment variable.

ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size cif -framerate 25 -i :0.0+10,20 /tmp/out.mpg

0.0 is display.screen number of your X11 server, same as the DISPLAY environment variable. 10 is the x-offset and 20 the y-offset for the grabbing.

6.3 Video and Audio file format conversion

Any supported file format and protocol can serve as input to ffmpeg:

Examples:

• You can use YUV files as input:

  ffmpeg -i /tmp/test%d.Y /tmp/out.mpg
  

  It will use the files:

  /tmp/test0.Y, /tmp/test0.U, /tmp/test0.V,
  /tmp/test1.Y, /tmp/test1.U, /tmp/test1.V, etc...
  

  The Y files use twice the resolution of the U and V files. They are raw files, without header. They can be generated by all decent video decoders. You must specify the size of the image with the -s option if ffmpeg cannot guess it.

• You can input from a raw YUV420P file:

  ffmpeg -i /tmp/test.yuv /tmp/out.avi
  

  test.yuv is a file containing raw YUV planar data. Each frame is composed of the Y plane followed by the U and V planes at half vertical and horizontal resolution.

• You can output to a raw YUV420P file:

  ffmpeg -i mydivx.avi hugefile.yuv
  

• You can set several input files and output files:

  ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -s 640x480 -i /tmp/a.yuv /tmp/a.mpg
  

  Converts the audio file a.wav and the raw YUV video file a.yuv to MPEG file a.mpg.

• You can also do audio and video conversions at the same time:

  ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -ar 22050 /tmp/a.mp2
  

  Converts a.wav to MPEG audio at 22050 Hz sample rate.

• You can encode to several formats at the same time and define a mapping from input stream to output streams:

  ffmpeg -i /tmp/a.wav -map 0:a -b:a 64k /tmp/a.mp2 -map 0:a -b:a 128k /tmp/b.mp2
  

  Converts a.wav to a.mp2 at 64 kbits and to b.mp2 at 128 kbits. ’-map file:index’ specifies which input stream is used for each output stream, in the order of the definition of output streams.

• You can transcode decrypted VOBs:

  ffmpeg -i snatch_1.vob -f avi -c:v mpeg4 -b:v 800k -g 300 -bf 2 -c:a libmp3lame -b:a 128k snatch.avi
  

  This is a typical DVD ripping example; the input is a VOB file, the output an AVI file with MPEG-4 video and MP3 audio. Note that in this command we use B-frames so the MPEG-4 stream is DivX5 compatible, and GOP size is 300 which means one intra frame every 10 seconds for 29.97fps input video. Furthermore, the audio stream is MP3-encoded so you need to enable LAME support by passing --enable-libmp3lame to configure. The mapping is particularly useful for DVD transcoding to get the desired audio language.

  NOTE: To see the supported input formats, use ffmpeg -formats.

• You can extract images from a video, or create a video from many images:

  For extracting images from a video:

  ffmpeg -i foo.avi -r 1 -s WxH -f image2 foo-%03d.jpeg
  

  This will extract one video frame per second from the video and will output them in files named foo-001.jpeg, foo-002.jpeg, etc. Images will be rescaled to fit the new WxH values.

  If you want to extract just a limited number of frames, you can use the above command in combination with the -vframes or -t option, or in combination with -ss to start extracting from a certain point in time.

  For creating a video from many images:

  ffmpeg -f image2 -framerate 12 -i foo-%03d.jpeg -s WxH foo.avi
  

  The syntax foo-%03d.jpeg specifies to use a decimal number composed of three digits padded with zeroes to express the sequence number. It is the same syntax supported by the C printf function, but only formats accepting a normal integer are suitable.

  When importing an image sequence, -i also supports expanding shell-like wildcard patterns (globbing) internally, by selecting the image2-specific -pattern_type glob option.

  For example, for creating a video from filenames matching the glob pattern foo-*.jpeg:

  ffmpeg -f image2 -pattern_type glob -framerate 12 -i 'foo-*.jpeg' -s WxH foo.avi
  

• You can put many streams of the same type in the output:

  ffmpeg -i test1.avi -i test2.avi -map 1:1 -map 1:0 -map 0:1 -map 0:0 -c copy -y test12.nut
  

  The resulting output file test12.nut will contain the first four streams from the input files in reverse order.

• To force CBR video output:

  ffmpeg -i myfile.avi -b 4000k -minrate 4000k -maxrate 4000k -bufsize 1835k out.m2v
  

• The four options lmin, lmax, mblmin and mblmax use ’lambda’ units, but you may use the QP2LAMBDA constant to easily convert from ’q’ units:

  ffmpeg -i src.ext -lmax 21*QP2LAMBDA dst.ext
  

7 Syntax

This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg libraries and tools.

7.1 Quoting and escaping

FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:

• ‘'’ and ‘\’ are special characters (respectively used for quoting and escaping). In addition to them, there might be other special characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping and quoting are employed.
• A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a ‘\’.
• All characters enclosed between ‘''’ are included literally in the parsed string. The quote character ‘'’ itself cannot be quoted, so you may need to close the quote and escape it.
• Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are removed from the parsed string.

Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using the command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the adopted shell language.

The function av_get_token defined in libavutil/avstring.h can be used to parse a token quoted or escaped according to the rules defined above.

The tool tools/ffescape in the FFmpeg source tree can be used to automatically quote or escape a string in a script.

7.1.1 Examples

• Escape the string Crime d'Amour containing the ' special character:

  Crime d\'Amour
  

• The string above contains a quote, so the ' needs to be escaped when quoting it:

  'Crime d'\''Amour'
  

• Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:

  '  this string starts and ends with whitespaces  '
  

• Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:

  ' The string '\'string\'' is a string '
  

• To include a literal ‘\’ you can use either escaping or quoting:

  'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo
  

7.2 Date

The accepted syntax is:

[(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
now

If the value is "now" it takes the current time.

Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is interpreted as UTC. If the year-month-day part is not specified it takes the current year-month-day.

7.3 Time duration

There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.

[-][HH:]MM:SS[.m...]

HH expresses the number of hours, MM the number of minutes for a maximum of 2 digits, and SS the number of seconds for a maximum of 2 digits. The m at the end expresses decimal value for SS.

or

[-]S+[.m...]

S expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part m.

In both expressions, the optional ‘-’ indicates negative duration.

7.3.1 Examples

The following examples are all valid time duration:

‘55’

55 seconds

‘12:03:45’

12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds

‘23.189’

23.189 seconds

7.4 Video size

Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form widthxheight, or the name of a size abbreviation.

The following abbreviations are recognized:

‘ntsc’

720x480

‘pal’

720x576

‘qntsc’

352x240

‘qpal’

352x288

‘sntsc’

640x480

‘spal’

768x576

‘film’

352x240

‘ntsc-film’

352x240

‘sqcif’

128x96

‘qcif’

176x144

‘cif’

352x288

‘4cif’

704x576

‘16cif’

1408x1152

‘qqvga’

160x120

‘qvga’

320x240

‘vga’

640x480

‘svga’

800x600

‘xga’

1024x768

‘uxga’

1600x1200

‘qxga’

2048x1536

‘sxga’

1280x1024

‘qsxga’

2560x2048

‘hsxga’

5120x4096

‘wvga’

852x480

‘wxga’

1366x768

‘wsxga’

1600x1024

‘wuxga’

1920x1200

‘woxga’

2560x1600

‘wqsxga’

3200x2048

‘wquxga’

3840x2400

‘whsxga’

6400x4096

‘whuxga’

7680x4800

‘cga’

320x200

‘ega’

640x350

‘hd480’

852x480

‘hd720’

1280x720

‘hd1080’

1920x1080

‘2k’

2048x1080

‘2kflat’

1998x1080

‘2kscope’

2048x858

‘4k’

4096x2160

‘4kflat’

3996x2160

‘4kscope’

4096x1716

‘nhd’

640x360

‘hqvga’

240x160

‘wqvga’

400x240

‘fwqvga’

432x240

‘hvga’

480x320

‘qhd’

960x540

7.5 Video rate

Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames generated per second. It has to be a string in the format frame_rate_num/frame_rate_den, an integer number, a float number or a valid video frame rate abbreviation.

The following abbreviations are recognized:

‘ntsc’

30000/1001

‘pal’

25/1

‘qntsc’

30000/1001

‘qpal’

25/1

‘sntsc’

30000/1001

‘spal’

25/1

‘film’

24/1

‘ntsc-film’

24000/1001

7.6 Ratio

A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form numerator:denominator.

Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is considered valid, so you should check on the returned value if you want to exclude those values.

The undefined value can be expressed using the "0:0" string.

7.7 Color

It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match) or a [0x|#]RRGGBB[AA] sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string representing the alpha component.

The alpha component may be a string composed by "0x" followed by an hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which represents the opacity value (‘0x00’ or ‘0.0’ means completely transparent, ‘0xff’ or ‘1.0’ completely opaque). If the alpha component is not specified then ‘0xff’ is assumed.

The string ‘random’ will result in a random color.

The following names of colors are recognized:

‘AliceBlue’

0xF0F8FF

‘AntiqueWhite’

0xFAEBD7

‘Aqua’

0x00FFFF

‘Aquamarine’

0x7FFFD4

‘Azure’

0xF0FFFF

‘Beige’

0xF5F5DC

‘Bisque’

0xFFE4C4

‘Black’

0x000000

‘BlanchedAlmond’

0xFFEBCD

‘Blue’

0x0000FF

‘BlueViolet’

0x8A2BE2

‘Brown’

0xA52A2A

‘BurlyWood’

0xDEB887

‘CadetBlue’

0x5F9EA0

‘Chartreuse’

0x7FFF00

‘Chocolate’

0xD2691E

‘Coral’

0xFF7F50

‘CornflowerBlue’

0x6495ED

‘Cornsilk’

0xFFF8DC

‘Crimson’

0xDC143C

‘Cyan’

0x00FFFF

‘DarkBlue’

0x00008B

‘DarkCyan’

0x008B8B

‘DarkGoldenRod’

0xB8860B

‘DarkGray’

0xA9A9A9

‘DarkGreen’

0x006400

‘DarkKhaki’

0xBDB76B

‘DarkMagenta’

0x8B008B

‘DarkOliveGreen’

0x556B2F

‘Darkorange’

0xFF8C00

‘DarkOrchid’

0x9932CC

‘DarkRed’

0x8B0000

‘DarkSalmon’

0xE9967A

‘DarkSeaGreen’

0x8FBC8F

‘DarkSlateBlue’

0x483D8B

‘DarkSlateGray’

0x2F4F4F

‘DarkTurquoise’

0x00CED1

‘DarkViolet’

0x9400D3

‘DeepPink’

0xFF1493

‘DeepSkyBlue’

0x00BFFF

‘DimGray’

0x696969

‘DodgerBlue’

0x1E90FF

‘FireBrick’

0xB22222

‘FloralWhite’

0xFFFAF0

‘ForestGreen’

0x228B22

‘Fuchsia’

0xFF00FF

‘Gainsboro’

0xDCDCDC

‘GhostWhite’

0xF8F8FF

‘Gold’

0xFFD700

‘GoldenRod’

0xDAA520

‘Gray’

0x808080

‘Green’

0x008000

‘GreenYellow’

0xADFF2F

‘HoneyDew’

0xF0FFF0

‘HotPink’

0xFF69B4

‘IndianRed’

0xCD5C5C

‘Indigo’

0x4B0082

‘Ivory’

0xFFFFF0

‘Khaki’

0xF0E68C

‘Lavender’

0xE6E6FA

‘LavenderBlush’

0xFFF0F5

‘LawnGreen’

0x7CFC00

‘LemonChiffon’

0xFFFACD

‘LightBlue’

0xADD8E6

‘LightCoral’

0xF08080

‘LightCyan’

0xE0FFFF

‘LightGoldenRodYellow’

0xFAFAD2

‘LightGreen’

0x90EE90

‘LightGrey’

0xD3D3D3

‘LightPink’

0xFFB6C1

‘LightSalmon’

0xFFA07A

‘LightSeaGreen’

0x20B2AA

‘LightSkyBlue’

0x87CEFA

‘LightSlateGray’

0x778899

‘LightSteelBlue’

0xB0C4DE

‘LightYellow’

0xFFFFE0

‘Lime’

0x00FF00

‘LimeGreen’

0x32CD32

‘Linen’

0xFAF0E6

‘Magenta’

0xFF00FF

‘Maroon’

0x800000

‘MediumAquaMarine’

0x66CDAA

‘MediumBlue’

0x0000CD

‘MediumOrchid’

0xBA55D3

‘MediumPurple’

0x9370D8

‘MediumSeaGreen’

0x3CB371

‘MediumSlateBlue’

0x7B68EE

‘MediumSpringGreen’

0x00FA9A

‘MediumTurquoise’

0x48D1CC

‘MediumVioletRed’

0xC71585

‘MidnightBlue’

0x191970

‘MintCream’

0xF5FFFA

‘MistyRose’

0xFFE4E1

‘Moccasin’

0xFFE4B5

‘NavajoWhite’

0xFFDEAD

‘Navy’

0x000080

‘OldLace’

0xFDF5E6

‘Olive’

0x808000

‘OliveDrab’

0x6B8E23

‘Orange’

0xFFA500

‘OrangeRed’

0xFF4500

‘Orchid’

0xDA70D6

‘PaleGoldenRod’

0xEEE8AA

‘PaleGreen’

0x98FB98

‘PaleTurquoise’

0xAFEEEE

‘PaleVioletRed’

0xD87093

‘PapayaWhip’

0xFFEFD5

‘PeachPuff’

0xFFDAB9

‘Peru’

0xCD853F

‘Pink’

0xFFC0CB

‘Plum’

0xDDA0DD

‘PowderBlue’

0xB0E0E6

‘Purple’

0x800080

‘Red’

0xFF0000

‘RosyBrown’

0xBC8F8F

‘RoyalBlue’

0x4169E1

‘SaddleBrown’

0x8B4513

‘Salmon’

0xFA8072

‘SandyBrown’

0xF4A460

‘SeaGreen’

0x2E8B57

‘SeaShell’

0xFFF5EE

‘Sienna’

0xA0522D

‘Silver’

0xC0C0C0

‘SkyBlue’

0x87CEEB

‘SlateBlue’

0x6A5ACD

‘SlateGray’

0x708090

‘Snow’

0xFFFAFA

‘SpringGreen’

0x00FF7F

‘SteelBlue’

0x4682B4

‘Tan’

0xD2B48C

‘Teal’

0x008080

‘Thistle’

0xD8BFD8

‘Tomato’

0xFF6347

‘Turquoise’

0x40E0D0

‘Violet’

0xEE82EE

‘Wheat’

0xF5DEB3

‘White’

0xFFFFFF

‘WhiteSmoke’

0xF5F5F5

‘Yellow’

0xFFFF00

‘YellowGreen’

0x9ACD32

7.8 Channel Layout

A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in a multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg makes use of a special syntax.

Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table below:

‘FL’

front left

‘FR’

front right

‘FC’

front center

‘LFE’

low frequency

‘BL’

back left

‘BR’

back right

‘FLC’

front left-of-center

‘FRC’

front right-of-center

‘BC’

back center

‘SL’

side left

‘SR’

side right

‘TC’

top center

‘TFL’

top front left

‘TFC’

top front center

‘TFR’

top front right

‘TBL’

top back left

‘TBC’

top back center

‘TBR’

top back right

‘DL’

downmix left

‘DR’

downmix right

‘WL’

wide left

‘WR’

wide right

‘SDL’

surround direct left

‘SDR’

surround direct right

‘LFE2’

low frequency 2

Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the following identifiers:

‘mono’

FC

‘stereo’

FL+FR

‘2.1’

FL+FR+LFE

‘3.0’

FL+FR+FC

‘3.0(back)’

FL+FR+BC

‘4.0’

FL+FR+FC+BC

‘quad’

FL+FR+BL+BR

‘quad(side)’

FL+FR+SL+SR

‘3.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE

‘5.0’

FL+FR+FC+BL+BR

‘5.0(side)’

FL+FR+FC+SL+SR

‘4.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC

‘5.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR

‘5.1(side)’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR

‘6.0’

FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR

‘6.0(front)’

FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

‘hexagonal’

FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC

‘6.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR

‘6.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC

‘6.1(front)’

FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

‘7.0’

FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR

‘7.0(front)’

FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

‘7.1’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR

‘7.1(wide)’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC

‘7.1(wide-side)’

FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

‘octagonal’

FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR

‘downmix’

DL+DR

A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms, separated by ’+’ or ’|’. Each term can be:

• the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. ‘mono’, ‘stereo’, ‘4.0’, ‘quad’, ‘5.0’, etc.)
• the name of a single channel (e.g. ‘FL’, ‘FR’, ‘FC’, ‘LFE’, etc.)
• a number of channels, in decimal, optionally followed by ’c’, yielding the default channel layout for that number of channels (see the function av_get_default_channel_layout)
• a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with "0x" (see the AV_CH_* macros in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

Starting from libavutil version 53 the trailing character "c" to specify a number of channels will be required, while a channel layout mask could also be specified as a decimal number (if and only if not followed by "c").

See also the function av_get_channel_layout defined in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

8 Expression Evaluation

When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal formula evaluator, implemented through the libavutil/eval.h interface.

An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and functions.

Two expressions expr1 and expr2 can be combined to form another expression "expr1;expr2". expr1 and expr2 are evaluated in turn, and the new expression evaluates to the value of expr2.

The following binary operators are available: +, -, *, /, ^.

The following unary operators are available: +, -.

The following functions are available:

abs(x)

Compute absolute value of x.

acos(x)

Compute arccosine of x.

asin(x)

Compute arcsine of x.

atan(x)

Compute arctangent of x.

between(x, min, max)

Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to min and lesser than or equal to max, 0 otherwise.

bitand(x, y)

bitor(x, y)

Compute bitwise and/or operation on x and y.

The results of the evaluation of x and y are converted to integers before executing the bitwise operation.

Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).

ceil(expr)

Round the value of expression expr upwards to the nearest integer. For example, "ceil(1.5)" is "2.0".

clip(x, min, max)

Return the value of x clipped between min and max.

cos(x)

Compute cosine of x.

cosh(x)

Compute hyperbolic cosine of x.

eq(x, y)

Return 1 if x and y are equivalent, 0 otherwise.

exp(x)

Compute exponential of x (with base e, the Euler’s number).

floor(expr)

Round the value of expression expr downwards to the nearest integer. For example, "floor(-1.5)" is "-2.0".

gauss(x)

Compute Gauss function of x, corresponding to exp(-x*x/2) / sqrt(2*PI).

gcd(x, y)

Return the greatest common divisor of x and y. If both x and y are 0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.

gt(x, y)

Return 1 if x is greater than y, 0 otherwise.

gte(x, y)

Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

hypot(x, y)

This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it returns "sqrt(x*x + y*y)", the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point (x, y) from the origin.

if(x, y)

Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the result of the evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

if(x, y, z)

Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

ifnot(x, y)

Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the result of the evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

ifnot(x, y, z)

Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the evaluation result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

isinf(x)

Return 1.0 if x is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.

isnan(x)

Return 1.0 if x is NAN, 0.0 otherwise.

ld(var)

Load the value of the internal variable with number var, which was previously stored with st(var, expr). The function returns the loaded value.

log(x)

Compute natural logarithm of x.

lt(x, y)

Return 1 if x is lesser than y, 0 otherwise.

lte(x, y)

Return 1 if x is lesser than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

max(x, y)

Return the maximum between x and y.

min(x, y)

Return the maximum between x and y.

mod(x, y)

Compute the remainder of division of x by y.

not(expr)

Return 1.0 if expr is zero, 0.0 otherwise.

pow(x, y)

Compute the power of x elevated y, it is equivalent to "(x)^(y)".

print(t)

print(t, l)

Print the value of expression t with loglevel l. If l is not specified then a default log level is used. Returns the value of the expression printed.

Prints t with loglevel l

random(x)

Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. x is the index of the internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.

root(expr, max)

Find an input value for which the function represented by expr with argument ld(0) is 0 in the interval 0..max.

The expression in expr must denote a continuous function or the result is undefined.

ld(0) is used to represent the function input value, which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with various input values that the expression can access through ld(0). When the expression evaluates to 0 then the corresponding input value will be returned.

sin(x)

Compute sine of x.

sinh(x)

Compute hyperbolic sine of x.

sqrt(expr)

Compute the square root of expr. This is equivalent to "(expr)^.5".

squish(x)

Compute expression 1/(1 + exp(4*x)).

st(var, expr)

Store the value of the expression expr in an internal variable. var specifies the number of the variable where to store the value, and it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function returns the value stored in the internal variable. Note, Variables are currently not shared between expressions.

tan(x)

Compute tangent of x.

tanh(x)

Compute hyperbolic tangent of x.

taylor(expr, x)

taylor(expr, x, id)

Evaluate a Taylor series at x, given an expression representing the ld(id)-th derivative of a function at 0.

When the series does not converge the result is undefined.

ld(id) is used to represent the derivative order in expr, which means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with various input values that the expression can access through ld(id). If id is not specified then 0 is assumed.

Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0, taylor(expr, x-y) can be used.

time(0)

Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.

trunc(expr)

Round the value of expression expr towards zero to the nearest integer. For example, "trunc(-1.5)" is "-1.0".

while(cond, expr)

Evaluate expression expr while the expression cond is non-zero, and returns the value of the last expr evaluation, or NAN if cond was always false.

The following constants are available:

PI

area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14

E

exp(1) (Euler’s number), approximately 2.718

PHI

golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618

Assuming that an expression is considered "true" if it has a non-zero value, note that:

* works like AND

+ works like OR

For example the construct:

if (A AND B) then C

is equivalent to:

if(A*B, C)

In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions, and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your expressions.

The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes. If ’i’ is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000. The ’B’ postfix multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a unit prefix or used alone. This allows using for example ’KB’, ’MiB’, ’G’ and ’B’ as number postfix.

The list of available International System prefixes follows, with indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.

y

10^-24 / 2^-80

z

10^-21 / 2^-70

a

10^-18 / 2^-60

f

10^-15 / 2^-50

p

10^-12 / 2^-40

n

10^-9 / 2^-30

u

10^-6 / 2^-20

m

10^-3 / 2^-10

c

10^-2

d

10^-1

h

10^2

k

10^3 / 2^10

K

10^3 / 2^10

M

10^6 / 2^20

G

10^9 / 2^30

T

10^12 / 2^40

P

10^15 / 2^40

E

10^18 / 2^50

Z

10^21 / 2^60

Y

10^24 / 2^70

9 OpenCL Options

When FFmpeg is configured with --enable-opencl, it is possible to set the options for the global OpenCL context.

The list of supported options follows:

build_options

Set build options used to compile the registered kernels.

See reference "OpenCL Specification Version: 1.2 chapter 5.6.4".

platform_idx

Select the index of the platform to run OpenCL code.

The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list which can be obtained with ffmpeg -opencl_bench or av_opencl_get_device_list().

device_idx

Select the index of the device used to run OpenCL code.

The specified index must be one of the indexes in the device list which can be obtained with ffmpeg -opencl_bench or av_opencl_get_device_list().

10 Codec Options

libavcodec provides some generic global options, which can be set on all the encoders and decoders. In addition each codec may support so-called private options, which are specific for a given codec.

Sometimes, a global option may only affect a specific kind of codec, and may be nonsensical or ignored by another, so you need to be aware of the meaning of the specified options. Also some options are meant only for decoding or encoding.

Options may be set by specifying -option value in the FFmpeg tools, or by setting the value explicitly in the AVCodecContext options or using the libavutil/opt.h API for programmatic use.

The list of supported options follow:

b integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set bitrate in bits/s. Default value is 200K.

ab integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio bitrate (in bits/s). Default value is 128K.

bt integer (encoding,video)

Set video bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). In 1-pass mode, bitrate tolerance specifies how far ratecontrol is willing to deviate from the target average bitrate value. This is not related to min/max bitrate. Lowering tolerance too much has an adverse effect on quality.

flags flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles)

Set generic flags.

Possible values:

‘mv4’

Use four motion vector by macroblock (mpeg4).

‘qpel’

Use 1/4 pel motion compensation.

‘loop’

Use loop filter.

‘qscale’

Use fixed qscale.

‘gmc’

Use gmc.

‘mv0’

Always try a mb with mv=<0,0>.

‘input_preserved’

‘pass1’

Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in first pass mode.

‘pass2’

Use internal 2pass ratecontrol in second pass mode.

‘gray’

Only decode/encode grayscale.

‘emu_edge’

Do not draw edges.

‘psnr’

Set error[?] variables during encoding.

‘truncated’

‘naq’

Normalize adaptive quantization.

‘ildct’

Use interlaced DCT.

‘low_delay’

Force low delay.

‘global_header’

Place global headers in extradata instead of every keyframe.

‘bitexact’

Only write platform-, build- and time-independent data. (except (I)DCT). This ensures that file and data checksums are reproducible and match between platforms. Its primary use is for regression testing.

‘aic’

Apply H263 advanced intra coding / mpeg4 ac prediction.

‘cbp’

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

‘qprd’

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

‘ilme’

Apply interlaced motion estimation.

‘cgop’

Use closed gop.

me_method integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation method.

Possible values:

‘zero’

zero motion estimation (fastest)

‘full’

full motion estimation (slowest)

‘epzs’

EPZS motion estimation (default)

‘esa’

esa motion estimation (alias for full)

‘tesa’

tesa motion estimation

‘dia’

dia motion estimation (alias for epzs)

‘log’

log motion estimation

‘phods’

phods motion estimation

‘x1’

X1 motion estimation

‘hex’

hex motion estimation

‘umh’

umh motion estimation

‘iter’

iter motion estimation

extradata_size integer

Set extradata size.

time_base rational number

Set codec time base.

It is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content, timebase should be 1 / frame_rate and timestamp increments should be identically 1.

g integer (encoding,video)

Set the group of picture size. Default value is 12.

ar integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Set audio sampling rate (in Hz).

ac integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Set number of audio channels.

cutoff integer (encoding,audio)

Set cutoff bandwidth.

frame_size integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio frame size.

Each submitted frame except the last must contain exactly frame_size samples per channel. May be 0 when the codec has CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE set, in that case the frame size is not restricted. It is set by some decoders to indicate constant frame size.

frame_number integer

Set the frame number.

delay integer

qcomp float (encoding,video)

Set video quantizer scale compression (VBR). It is used as a constant in the ratecontrol equation. Recommended range for default rc_eq: 0.0-1.0.

qblur float (encoding,video)

Set video quantizer scale blur (VBR).

qmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min video quantizer scale (VBR). Must be included between -1 and 69, default value is 2.

qmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max video quantizer scale (VBR). Must be included between -1 and 1024, default value is 31.

qdiff integer (encoding,video)

Set max difference between the quantizer scale (VBR).

bf integer (encoding,video)

Set max number of B frames between non-B-frames.

Must be an integer between -1 and 16. 0 means that B-frames are disabled. If a value of -1 is used, it will choose an automatic value depending on the encoder.

Default value is 0.

b_qfactor float (encoding,video)

Set qp factor between P and B frames.

rc_strategy integer (encoding,video)

Set ratecontrol method.

b_strategy integer (encoding,video)

Set strategy to choose between I/P/B-frames.

ps integer (encoding,video)

Set RTP payload size in bytes.

mv_bits integer

header_bits integer

i_tex_bits integer

p_tex_bits integer

i_count integer

p_count integer

skip_count integer

misc_bits integer

frame_bits integer

codec_tag integer

bug flags (decoding,video)

Workaround not auto detected encoder bugs.

Possible values:

‘autodetect’

‘old_msmpeg4’

some old lavc generated msmpeg4v3 files (no autodetection)

‘xvid_ilace’

Xvid interlacing bug (autodetected if fourcc==XVIX)

‘ump4’

(autodetected if fourcc==UMP4)

‘no_padding’

padding bug (autodetected)

‘amv’

‘ac_vlc’

illegal vlc bug (autodetected per fourcc)

‘qpel_chroma’

‘std_qpel’

old standard qpel (autodetected per fourcc/version)

‘qpel_chroma2’

‘direct_blocksize’

direct-qpel-blocksize bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)

‘edge’

edge padding bug (autodetected per fourcc/version)

‘hpel_chroma’

‘dc_clip’

‘ms’

Workaround various bugs in microsoft broken decoders.

‘trunc’

trancated frames

lelim integer (encoding,video)

Set single coefficient elimination threshold for luminance (negative values also consider DC coefficient).

celim integer (encoding,video)

Set single coefficient elimination threshold for chrominance (negative values also consider dc coefficient)

strict integer (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

Specify how strictly to follow the standards.

Possible values:

‘very’

strictly conform to a older more strict version of the spec or reference software

‘strict’

strictly conform to all the things in the spec no matter what consequences

‘normal’

‘unofficial’

allow unofficial extensions

‘experimental’

allow non standardized experimental things, experimental (unfinished/work in progress/not well tested) decoders and encoders. Note: experimental decoders can pose a security risk, do not use this for decoding untrusted input.

b_qoffset float (encoding,video)

Set QP offset between P and B frames.

err_detect flags (decoding,audio,video)

Set error detection flags.

Possible values:

‘crccheck’

verify embedded CRCs

‘bitstream’

detect bitstream specification deviations

‘buffer’

detect improper bitstream length

‘explode’

abort decoding on minor error detection

‘ignore_err’

ignore decoding errors, and continue decoding. This is useful if you want to analyze the content of a video and thus want everything to be decoded no matter what. This option will not result in a video that is pleasing to watch in case of errors.

‘careful’

consider things that violate the spec and have not been seen in the wild as errors

‘compliant’

consider all spec non compliancies as errors

‘aggressive’

consider things that a sane encoder should not do as an error

has_b_frames integer

block_align integer

mpeg_quant integer (encoding,video)

Use MPEG quantizers instead of H.263.

qsquish float (encoding,video)

How to keep quantizer between qmin and qmax (0 = clip, 1 = use differentiable function).

rc_qmod_amp float (encoding,video)

Set experimental quantizer modulation.

rc_qmod_freq integer (encoding,video)

Set experimental quantizer modulation.

rc_override_count integer

rc_eq string (encoding,video)

Set rate control equation. When computing the expression, besides the standard functions defined in the section ’Expression Evaluation’, the following functions are available: bits2qp(bits), qp2bits(qp). Also the following constants are available: iTex pTex tex mv fCode iCount mcVar var isI isP isB avgQP qComp avgIITex avgPITex avgPPTex avgBPTex avgTex.

maxrate integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set max bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Requires bufsize to be set.

minrate integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set min bitrate tolerance (in bits/s). Most useful in setting up a CBR encode. It is of little use elsewise.

bufsize integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set ratecontrol buffer size (in bits).

rc_buf_aggressivity float (encoding,video)

Currently useless.

i_qfactor float (encoding,video)

Set QP factor between P and I frames.

i_qoffset float (encoding,video)

Set QP offset between P and I frames.

rc_init_cplx float (encoding,video)

Set initial complexity for 1-pass encoding.

dct integer (encoding,video)

Set DCT algorithm.

Possible values:

‘auto’

autoselect a good one (default)

‘fastint’

fast integer

‘int’

accurate integer

‘mmx’

‘altivec’

‘faan’

floating point AAN DCT

lumi_mask float (encoding,video)

Compress bright areas stronger than medium ones.

tcplx_mask float (encoding,video)

Set temporal complexity masking.

scplx_mask float (encoding,video)

Set spatial complexity masking.

p_mask float (encoding,video)

Set inter masking.

dark_mask float (encoding,video)

Compress dark areas stronger than medium ones.

idct integer (decoding/encoding,video)

Select IDCT implementation.

Possible values:

‘auto’

‘int’

‘simple’

‘simplemmx’

‘simpleauto’

Automatically pick a IDCT compatible with the simple one

‘arm’

‘altivec’

‘sh4’

‘simplearm’

‘simplearmv5te’

‘simplearmv6’

‘simpleneon’

‘simplealpha’

‘ipp’

‘xvidmmx’

‘faani’

floating point AAN IDCT

slice_count integer

ec flags (decoding,video)

Set error concealment strategy.

Possible values:

‘guess_mvs’

iterative motion vector (MV) search (slow)

‘deblock’

use strong deblock filter for damaged MBs

‘favor_inter’

favor predicting from the previous frame instead of the current

bits_per_coded_sample integer

pred integer (encoding,video)

Set prediction method.

Possible values:

‘left’

‘plane’

‘median’

aspect rational number (encoding,video)

Set sample aspect ratio.

debug flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video,subtitles)

Print specific debug info.

Possible values:

‘pict’

picture info

‘rc’

rate control

‘bitstream’

‘mb_type’

macroblock (MB) type

‘qp’

per-block quantization parameter (QP)

‘mv’

motion vector

‘dct_coeff’

‘skip’

‘startcode’

‘pts’

‘er’

error recognition

‘mmco’

memory management control operations (H.264)

‘bugs’

‘vis_qp’

visualize quantization parameter (QP), lower QP are tinted greener

‘vis_mb_type’

visualize block types

‘buffers’

picture buffer allocations

‘thread_ops’

threading operations

‘nomc’

skip motion compensation

vismv integer (decoding,video)

Visualize motion vectors (MVs).

This option is deprecated, see the codecview filter instead.

Possible values:

‘pf’

forward predicted MVs of P-frames

‘bf’

forward predicted MVs of B-frames

‘bb’

backward predicted MVs of B-frames

cmp integer (encoding,video)

Set full pel me compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

subcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set sub pel me compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

mbcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

ildctcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set interlaced dct compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

dia_size integer (encoding,video)

Set diamond type & size for motion estimation.

last_pred integer (encoding,video)

Set amount of motion predictors from the previous frame.

preme integer (encoding,video)

Set pre motion estimation.

precmp integer (encoding,video)

Set pre motion estimation compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

pre_dia_size integer (encoding,video)

Set diamond type & size for motion estimation pre-pass.

subq integer (encoding,video)

Set sub pel motion estimation quality.

dtg_active_format integer

me_range integer (encoding,video)

Set limit motion vectors range (1023 for DivX player).

ibias integer (encoding,video)

Set intra quant bias.

pbias integer (encoding,video)

Set inter quant bias.

color_table_id integer

global_quality integer (encoding,audio,video)

coder integer (encoding,video)

Possible values:

‘vlc’

variable length coder / huffman coder

‘ac’

arithmetic coder

‘raw’

raw (no encoding)

‘rle’

run-length coder

‘deflate’

deflate-based coder

context integer (encoding,video)

Set context model.

slice_flags integer

xvmc_acceleration integer

mbd integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock decision algorithm (high quality mode).

Possible values:

‘simple’

use mbcmp (default)

‘bits’

use fewest bits

‘rd’

use best rate distortion

stream_codec_tag integer

sc_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set scene change threshold.

lmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min lagrange factor (VBR).

lmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max lagrange factor (VBR).

nr integer (encoding,video)

Set noise reduction.

rc_init_occupancy integer (encoding,video)

Set number of bits which should be loaded into the rc buffer before decoding starts.

flags2 flags (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

‘fast’

Allow non spec compliant speedup tricks.

‘sgop’

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

‘noout’

Skip bitstream encoding.

‘ignorecrop’

Ignore cropping information from sps.

‘local_header’

Place global headers at every keyframe instead of in extradata.

‘chunks’

Frame data might be split into multiple chunks.

‘showall’

Show all frames before the first keyframe.

‘skiprd’

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

‘export_mvs’

Export motion vectors into frame side-data (see AV_FRAME_DATA_MOTION_VECTORS) for codecs that support it. See also doc/examples/export_mvs.c.

error integer (encoding,video)

qns integer (encoding,video)

Deprecated, use mpegvideo private options instead.

threads integer (decoding/encoding,video)

Possible values:

‘auto’

detect a good number of threads

me_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation threshold.

mb_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set macroblock threshold.

dc integer (encoding,video)

Set intra_dc_precision.

nssew integer (encoding,video)

Set nsse weight.

skip_top integer (decoding,video)

Set number of macroblock rows at the top which are skipped.

skip_bottom integer (decoding,video)

Set number of macroblock rows at the bottom which are skipped.

profile integer (encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

‘unknown’

‘aac_main’

‘aac_low’

‘aac_ssr’

‘aac_ltp’

‘aac_he’

‘aac_he_v2’

‘aac_ld’

‘aac_eld’

‘mpeg2_aac_low’

‘mpeg2_aac_he’

‘mpeg4_sp’

‘mpeg4_core’

‘mpeg4_main’

‘mpeg4_asp’

‘dts’

‘dts_es’

‘dts_96_24’

‘dts_hd_hra’

‘dts_hd_ma’

level integer (encoding,audio,video)

Possible values:

‘unknown’

lowres integer (decoding,audio,video)

Decode at 1= 1/2, 2=1/4, 3=1/8 resolutions.

skip_threshold integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip threshold.

skip_factor integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip factor.

skip_exp integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip exponent. Negative values behave identical to the corresponding positive ones, except that the score is normalized. Positive values exist primarily for compatibility reasons and are not so useful.

skipcmp integer (encoding,video)

Set frame skip compare function.

Possible values:

‘sad’

sum of absolute differences, fast (default)

‘sse’

sum of squared errors

‘satd’

sum of absolute Hadamard transformed differences

‘dct’

sum of absolute DCT transformed differences

‘psnr’

sum of squared quantization errors (avoid, low quality)

‘bit’

number of bits needed for the block

‘rd’

rate distortion optimal, slow

‘zero’

0

‘vsad’

sum of absolute vertical differences

‘vsse’

sum of squared vertical differences

‘nsse’

noise preserving sum of squared differences

‘w53’

5/3 wavelet, only used in snow

‘w97’

9/7 wavelet, only used in snow

‘dctmax’

‘chroma’

border_mask float (encoding,video)

Increase the quantizer for macroblocks close to borders.

mblmin integer (encoding,video)

Set min macroblock lagrange factor (VBR).

mblmax integer (encoding,video)

Set max macroblock lagrange factor (VBR).

mepc integer (encoding,video)

Set motion estimation bitrate penalty compensation (1.0 = 256).

skip_loop_filter integer (decoding,video)

skip_idct integer (decoding,video)

skip_frame integer (decoding,video)

Make decoder discard processing depending on the frame type selected by the option value.

skip_loop_filter skips frame loop filtering, skip_idct skips frame IDCT/dequantization, skip_frame skips decoding.

Possible values:

‘none’

Discard no frame.

‘default’

Discard useless frames like 0-sized frames.

‘noref’

Discard all non-reference frames.

‘bidir’

Discard all bidirectional frames.

‘nokey’

Discard all frames excepts keyframes.

‘all’

Discard all frames.

Default value is ‘default’.

bidir_refine integer (encoding,video)

Refine the two motion vectors used in bidirectional macroblocks.

brd_scale integer (encoding,video)

Downscale frames for dynamic B-frame decision.

keyint_min integer (encoding,video)

Set minimum interval between IDR-frames.

refs integer (encoding,video)

Set reference frames to consider for motion compensation.

chromaoffset integer (encoding,video)

Set chroma qp offset from luma.

trellis integer (encoding,audio,video)

Set rate-distortion optimal quantization.

sc_factor integer (encoding,video)

Set value multiplied by qscale for each frame and added to scene_change_score.

mv0_threshold integer (encoding,video)

b_sensitivity integer (encoding,video)

Adjust sensitivity of b_frame_strategy 1.

compression_level integer (encoding,audio,video)

min_prediction_order integer (encoding,audio)

max_prediction_order integer (encoding,audio)

timecode_frame_start integer (encoding,video)

Set GOP timecode frame start number, in non drop frame format.

request_channels integer (decoding,audio)

Set desired number of audio channels.

bits_per_raw_sample integer

channel_layout integer (decoding/encoding,audio)

Possible values:

request_channel_layout integer (decoding,audio)

Possible values:

rc_max_vbv_use float (encoding,video)

rc_min_vbv_use float (encoding,video)

ticks_per_frame integer (decoding/encoding,audio,video)

color_primaries integer (decoding/encoding,video)

color_trc integer (decoding/encoding,video)

colorspace integer (decoding/encoding,video)

color_range integer (decoding/encoding,video)

chroma_sample_location integer (decoding/encoding,video)

log_level_offset integer

Set the log level offset.

slices integer (encoding,video)

Number of slices, used in parallelized encoding.

thread_type flags (decoding/encoding,video)

Select which multithreading methods to use.

Use of ‘frame’ will increase decoding delay by one frame per thread, so clients which cannot provide future frames should not use it.

Possible values:

‘slice’

Decode more than one part of a single frame at once.

Multithreading using slices works only when the video was encoded with slices.

‘frame’

Decode more than one frame at once.

Default value is ‘slice+frame’.

audio_service_type integer (encoding,audio)

Set audio service type.

Possible values:

‘ma’

Main Audio Service

‘ef’

Effects

‘vi’

Visually Impaired

‘hi’

Hearing Impaired

‘di’

Dialogue

‘co’

Commentary

‘em’

Emergency

‘vo’

Voice Over

‘ka’

Karaoke

request_sample_fmt sample_fmt (decoding,audio)

Set sample format audio decoders should prefer. Default value is none.

pkt_timebase rational number

sub_charenc encoding (decoding,subtitles)

Set the input subtitles character encoding.

field_order field_order (video)

Set/override the field order of the video. Possible values:

‘progressive’

Progressive video

‘tt’

Interlaced video, top field coded and displayed first

‘bb’

Interlaced video, bottom field coded and displayed first

‘tb’

Interlaced video, top coded first, bottom displayed first

‘bt’

Interlaced video, bottom coded first, top displayed first

skip_alpha integer (decoding,video)

Set to 1 to disable processing alpha (transparency). This works like the ‘gray’ flag in the flags option which skips chroma information instead of alpha. Default is 0.

codec_whitelist list (input)

"," separated List of allowed decoders. By default all are allowed.

dump_separator string (input)

Separator used to separate the fields printed on the command line about the Stream parameters. For example to separate the fields with newlines and indention:

ffprobe -dump_separator "
                          "  -i ~/videos/matrixbench_mpeg2.mpg

11 Decoders

Decoders are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow the decoding of multimedia streams.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported native decoders are enabled by default. Decoders requiring an external library must be enabled manually via the corresponding --enable-lib option. You can list all available decoders using the configure option --list-decoders.

You can disable all the decoders with the configure option --disable-decoders and selectively enable / disable single decoders with the options --enable-decoder=DECODER / --disable-decoder=DECODER.

The option -decoders of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled decoders.

12 Video Decoders

A description of some of the currently available video decoders follows.

12.1 rawvideo

Raw video decoder.

This decoder decodes rawvideo streams.

12.1.1 Options

top top_field_first

Specify the assumed field type of the input video.

-1

the video is assumed to be progressive (default)

0

bottom-field-first is assumed

1

top-field-first is assumed

13 Audio Decoders

A description of some of the currently available audio decoders follows.

13.1 ac3

AC-3 audio decoder.

This decoder implements part of ATSC A/52:2010 and ETSI TS 102 366, as well as the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet).

13.1.1 AC-3 Decoder Options

-drc_scale value

Dynamic Range Scale Factor. The factor to apply to dynamic range values from the AC-3 stream. This factor is applied exponentially. There are 3 notable scale factor ranges:

drc_scale == 0

DRC disabled. Produces full range audio.

0 < drc_scale <= 1

DRC enabled. Applies a fraction of the stream DRC value. Audio reproduction is between full range and full compression.

drc_scale > 1

DRC enabled. Applies drc_scale asymmetrically. Loud sounds are fully compressed. Soft sounds are enhanced.

13.2 flac

FLAC audio decoder.

This decoder aims to implement the complete FLAC specification from Xiph.

13.2.1 FLAC Decoder options

-use_buggy_lpc

The lavc FLAC encoder used to produce buggy streams with high lpc values (like the default value). This option allows to decode such streams correctly by using lavc’s old buggy lpc logic for decoding.

13.3 ffwavesynth

Internal wave synthetizer.

This decoder generates wave patterns according to predefined sequences. Its use is purely internal and the format of the data it accepts is not publicly documented.

13.4 libcelt

libcelt decoder wrapper.

libcelt allows libavcodec to decode the Xiph CELT ultra-low delay audio codec. Requires the presence of the libcelt headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libcelt.

13.5 libgsm

libgsm decoder wrapper.

libgsm allows libavcodec to decode the GSM full rate audio codec. Requires the presence of the libgsm headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libgsm.

This decoder supports both the ordinary GSM and the Microsoft variant.

13.6 libilbc

libilbc decoder wrapper.

libilbc allows libavcodec to decode the Internet Low Bitrate Codec (iLBC) audio codec. Requires the presence of the libilbc headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libilbc.

13.6.1 Options

The following option is supported by the libilbc wrapper.

enhance

Enable the enhancement of the decoded audio when set to 1. The default value is 0 (disabled).

13.7 libopencore-amrnb

libopencore-amrnb decoder wrapper.

libopencore-amrnb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate Narrowband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the libopencore-amrnb headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libopencore-amrnb.

An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-NB exists, so users can decode AMR-NB without this library.

13.8 libopencore-amrwb

libopencore-amrwb decoder wrapper.

libopencore-amrwb allows libavcodec to decode the Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio codec. Using it requires the presence of the libopencore-amrwb headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libopencore-amrwb.

An FFmpeg native decoder for AMR-WB exists, so users can decode AMR-WB without this library.

13.9 libopus

libopus decoder wrapper.

libopus allows libavcodec to decode the Opus Interactive Audio Codec. Requires the presence of the libopus headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libopus.

An FFmpeg native decoder for Opus exists, so users can decode Opus without this library.

14 Subtitles Decoders

14.1 dvdsub

This codec decodes the bitmap subtitles used in DVDs; the same subtitles can also be found in VobSub file pairs and in some Matroska files.

14.1.1 Options

palette

Specify the global palette used by the bitmaps. When stored in VobSub, the palette is normally specified in the index file; in Matroska, the palette is stored in the codec extra-data in the same format as in VobSub. In DVDs, the palette is stored in the IFO file, and therefore not available when reading from dumped VOB files.

The format for this option is a string containing 16 24-bits hexadecimal numbers (without 0x prefix) separated by comas, for example 0d00ee, ee450d, 101010, eaeaea, 0ce60b, ec14ed, ebff0b, 0d617a, 7b7b7b, d1d1d1, 7b2a0e, 0d950c, 0f007b, cf0dec, cfa80c, 7c127b.

ifo_palette

Specify the IFO file from which the global palette is obtained. (experimental)

forced_subs_only

Only decode subtitle entries marked as forced. Some titles have forced and non-forced subtitles in the same track. Setting this flag to 1 will only keep the forced subtitles. Default value is 0.

14.2 libzvbi-teletext

Libzvbi allows libavcodec to decode DVB teletext pages and DVB teletext subtitles. Requires the presence of the libzvbi headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libzvbi.

14.2.1 Options

txt_page

List of teletext page numbers to decode. You may use the special * string to match all pages. Pages that do not match the specified list are dropped. Default value is *.

txt_chop_top

Discards the top teletext line. Default value is 1.

txt_format

Specifies the format of the decoded subtitles. The teletext decoder is capable of decoding the teletext pages to bitmaps or to simple text, you should use "bitmap" for teletext pages, because certain graphics and colors cannot be expressed in simple text. You might use "text" for teletext based subtitles if your application can handle simple text based subtitles. Default value is bitmap.

txt_left

X offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.

txt_top

Y offset of generated bitmaps, default is 0.

txt_chop_spaces

Chops leading and trailing spaces and removes empty lines from the generated text. This option is useful for teletext based subtitles where empty spaces may be present at the start or at the end of the lines or empty lines may be present between the subtitle lines because of double-sized teletext charactes. Default value is 1.

txt_duration

Sets the display duration of the decoded teletext pages or subtitles in miliseconds. Default value is 30000 which is 30 seconds.

txt_transparent

Force transparent background of the generated teletext bitmaps. Default value is 0 which means an opaque (black) background.

15 Encoders

Encoders are configured elements in FFmpeg which allow the encoding of multimedia streams.

When you configure your FFmpeg build, all the supported native encoders are enabled by default. Encoders requiring an external library must be enabled manually via the corresponding --enable-lib option. You can list all available encoders using the configure option --list-encoders.

You can disable all the encoders with the configure option --disable-encoders and selectively enable / disable single encoders with the options --enable-encoder=ENCODER / --disable-encoder=ENCODER.

The option -encoders of the ff* tools will display the list of enabled encoders.

16 Audio Encoders

A description of some of the currently available audio encoders follows.

16.1 aac

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) encoder.

This encoder is an experimental FFmpeg-native AAC encoder. Currently only the low complexity (AAC-LC) profile is supported. To use this encoder, you must set strict option to ‘experimental’ or lower.

As this encoder is experimental, unexpected behavior may exist from time to time. For a more stable AAC encoder, see libvo-aacenc. However, be warned that it has a worse quality reported by some users.

See also libfdk_aac and libfaac.

16.1.1 Options

b

Set bit rate in bits/s. Setting this automatically activates constant bit rate (CBR) mode.

q

Set quality for variable bit rate (VBR) mode. This option is valid only using the ffmpeg command-line tool. For library interface users, use global_quality.

stereo_mode

Set stereo encoding mode. Possible values:

‘auto’

Automatically selected by the encoder.

‘ms_off’

Disable middle/side encoding. This is the default.

‘ms_force’

Force middle/side encoding.

aac_coder

Set AAC encoder coding method. Possible values:

‘faac’

FAAC-inspired method.

This method is a simplified reimplementation of the method used in FAAC, which sets thresholds proportional to the band energies, and then decreases all the thresholds with quantizer steps to find the appropriate quantization with distortion below threshold band by band.

The quality of this method is comparable to the two loop searching method described below, but somewhat a little better and slower.

‘anmr’

Average noise to mask ratio (ANMR) trellis-based solution.

This has a theoretic best quality out of all the coding methods, but at the cost of the slowest speed.

‘twoloop’

Two loop searching (TLS) method.

This method first sets quantizers depending on band thresholds and then tries to find an optimal combination by adding or subtracting a specific value from all quantizers and adjusting some individual quantizer a little.

This method produces similar quality with the FAAC method and is the default.

‘fast’

Constant quantizer method.

This method sets a constant quantizer for all bands. This is the fastest of all the methods, yet produces the worst quality.

16.2 ac3 and ac3_fixed

AC-3 audio encoders.

These encoders implement part of ATSC A/52:2010 and ETSI TS 102 366, as well as the undocumented RealAudio 3 (a.k.a. dnet).

The ac3 encoder uses floating-point math, while the ac3_fixed encoder only uses fixed-point integer math. This does not mean that one is always faster, just that one or the other may be better suited to a particular system. The floating-point encoder will generally produce better quality audio for a given bitrate. The ac3_fixed encoder is not the default codec for any of the output formats, so it must be specified explicitly using the option -acodec ac3_fixed in order to use it.

16.2.1 AC-3 Metadata

The AC-3 metadata options are used to set parameters that describe the audio, but in most cases do not affect the audio encoding itself. Some of the options do directly affect or influence the decoding and playback of the resulting bitstream, while others are just for informational purposes. A few of the options will add bits to the output stream that could otherwise be used for audio data, and will thus affect the quality of the output. Those will be indicated accordingly with a note in the option list below.

These parameters are described in detail in several publicly-available documents.

• A/52:2010 - Digital Audio Compression (AC-3) (E-AC-3) Standard
• A/54 - Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard
• Dolby Metadata Guide
• Dolby Digital Professional Encoding Guidelines

16.2.1.1 Metadata Control Options

-per_frame_metadata boolean

Allow Per-Frame Metadata. Specifies if the encoder should check for changing metadata for each frame.

0

The metadata values set at initialization will be used for every frame in the stream. (default)

1

Metadata values can be changed before encoding each frame.

16.2.1.2 Downmix Levels

-center_mixlev level

Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the center channel when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the bitstream if a center channel is present. The value is specified as a scale factor. There are 3 valid values:

0.707

Apply -3dB gain

0.595

Apply -4.5dB gain (default)

0.500

Apply -6dB gain

-surround_mixlev level

Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo. This field will only be written to the bitstream if one or more surround channels are present. The value is specified as a scale factor. There are 3 valid values:

0.707

Apply -3dB gain

0.500

Apply -6dB gain (default)

0.000

Silence Surround Channel(s)

16.2.1.3 Audio Production Information

Audio Production Information is optional information describing the mixing environment. Either none or both of the fields are written to the bitstream.

-mixing_level number

Mixing Level. Specifies peak sound pressure level (SPL) in the production environment when the mix was mastered. Valid values are 80 to 111, or -1 for unknown or not indicated. The default value is -1, but that value cannot be used if the Audio Production Information is written to the bitstream. Therefore, if the room_type option is not the default value, the mixing_level option must not be -1.

-room_type type

Room Type. Describes the equalization used during the final mixing session at the studio or on the dubbing stage. A large room is a dubbing stage with the industry standard X-curve equalization; a small room has flat equalization. This field will not be written to the bitstream if both the mixing_level option and the room_type option have the default values.

0

notindicated

Not Indicated (default)

1

large

Large Room

2

small

Small Room

16.2.1.4 Other Metadata Options

-copyright boolean

Copyright Indicator. Specifies whether a copyright exists for this audio.

0

off

No Copyright Exists (default)

1

on

Copyright Exists

-dialnorm value

Dialogue Normalization. Indicates how far the average dialogue level of the program is below digital 100% full scale (0 dBFS). This parameter determines a level shift during audio reproduction that sets the average volume of the dialogue to a preset level. The goal is to match volume level between program sources. A value of -31dB will result in no volume level change, relative to the source volume, during audio reproduction. Valid values are whole numbers in the range -31 to -1, with -31 being the default.

-dsur_mode mode

Dolby Surround Mode. Specifies whether the stereo signal uses Dolby Surround (Pro Logic). This field will only be written to the bitstream if the audio stream is stereo. Using this option does NOT mean the encoder will actually apply Dolby Surround processing.

0

notindicated

Not Indicated (default)

1

off

Not Dolby Surround Encoded

2

on

Dolby Surround Encoded

-original boolean

Original Bit Stream Indicator. Specifies whether this audio is from the original source and not a copy.

0

off

Not Original Source

1

on

Original Source (default)

16.2.2 Extended Bitstream Information

The extended bitstream options are part of the Alternate Bit Stream Syntax as specified in Annex D of the A/52:2010 standard. It is grouped into 2 parts. If any one parameter in a group is specified, all values in that group will be written to the bitstream. Default values are used for those that are written but have not been specified. If the mixing levels are written, the decoder will use these values instead of the ones specified in the center_mixlev and surround_mixlev options if it supports the Alternate Bit Stream Syntax.

16.2.2.1 Extended Bitstream Information - Part 1

-dmix_mode mode

Preferred Stereo Downmix Mode. Allows the user to select either Lt/Rt (Dolby Surround) or Lo/Ro (normal stereo) as the preferred stereo downmix mode.

0

notindicated

Not Indicated (default)

1

ltrt

Lt/Rt Downmix Preferred

2

loro

Lo/Ro Downmix Preferred

-ltrt_cmixlev level

Lt/Rt Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode.

1.414

Apply +3dB gain

1.189

Apply +1.5dB gain

1.000

Apply 0dB gain

0.841

Apply -1.5dB gain

0.707

Apply -3.0dB gain

0.595

Apply -4.5dB gain (default)

0.500

Apply -6.0dB gain

0.000

Silence Center Channel

-ltrt_surmixlev level

Lt/Rt Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lt/Rt mode.

0.841

Apply -1.5dB gain

0.707

Apply -3.0dB gain

0.595

Apply -4.5dB gain

0.500

Apply -6.0dB gain (default)

0.000

Silence Surround Channel(s)

-loro_cmixlev level

Lo/Ro Center Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the center channel when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode.

1.414

Apply +3dB gain

1.189

Apply +1.5dB gain

1.000

Apply 0dB gain

0.841

Apply -1.5dB gain

0.707

Apply -3.0dB gain

0.595

Apply -4.5dB gain (default)

0.500

Apply -6.0dB gain

0.000

Silence Center Channel

-loro_surmixlev level

Lo/Ro Surround Mix Level. The amount of gain the decoder should apply to the surround channel(s) when downmixing to stereo in Lo/Ro mode.

0.841

Apply -1.5dB gain

0.707

Apply -3.0dB gain

0.595

Apply -4.5dB gain

0.500

Apply -6.0dB gain (default)

0.000

Silence Surround Channel(s)

16.2.2.2 Extended Bitstream Information - Part 2

-dsurex_mode mode

Dolby Surround EX Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Surround EX (7.1 matrixed to 5.1). Using this option does NOT mean the encoder will actually apply Dolby Surround EX processing.

0

notindicated

Not Indicated (default)

1

on

Dolby Surround EX Off

2

off

Dolby Surround EX On

-dheadphone_mode mode

Dolby Headphone Mode. Indicates whether the stream uses Dolby Headphone encoding (multi-channel matrixed to 2.0 for use with headphones). Using this option does NOT mean the encoder will actually apply Dolby Headphone processing.

0

notindicated

Not Indicated (default)

1

on

Dolby Headphone Off

2

off

Dolby Headphone On

-ad_conv_type type

A/D Converter Type. Indicates whether the audio has passed through HDCD A/D conversion.

0

standard

Standard A/D Converter (default)

1

hdcd

HDCD A/D Converter

16.2.3 Other AC-3 Encoding Options

-stereo_rematrixing boolean

Stereo Rematrixing. Enables/Disables use of rematrixing for stereo input. This is an optional AC-3 feature that increases quality by selectively encoding the left/right channels as mid/side. This option is enabled by default, and it is highly recommended that it be left as enabled except for testing purposes.

16.2.4 Floating-Point-Only AC-3 Encoding Options

These options are only valid for the floating-point encoder and do not exist for the fixed-point encoder due to the corresponding features not being implemented in fixed-point.

-channel_coupling boolean

Enables/Disables use of channel coupling, which is an optional AC-3 feature that increases quality by combining high frequency information from multiple channels into a single channel. The per-channel high frequency information is sent with less accuracy in both the frequency and time domains. This allows more bits to be used for lower frequencies while preserving enough information to reconstruct the high frequencies. This option is enabled by default for the floating-point encoder and should generally be left as enabled except for testing purposes or to increase encoding speed.

-1

auto

Selected by Encoder (default)

0

off

Disable Channel Coupling

1

on

Enable Channel Coupling

-cpl_start_band number

Coupling Start Band. Sets the channel coupling start band, from 1 to 15. If a value higher than the bandwidth is used, it will be reduced to 1 less than the coupling end band. If auto is used, the start band will be determined by the encoder based on the bit rate, sample rate, and channel layout. This option has no effect if channel coupling is disabled.

-1

auto

Selected by Encoder (default)

16.3 flac

FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec) Encoder

16.3.1 Options

The following options are supported by FFmpeg’s flac encoder.

compression_level

Sets the compression level, which chooses defaults for many other options if they are not set explicitly.

frame_size

Sets the size of the frames in samples per channel.

lpc_coeff_precision

Sets the LPC coefficient precision, valid values are from 1 to 15, 15 is the default.

lpc_type

Sets the first stage LPC algorithm

‘none’

LPC is not used

‘fixed’

fixed LPC coefficients

‘levinson’

‘cholesky’

lpc_passes

Number of passes to use for Cholesky factorization during LPC analysis

min_partition_order

The minimum partition order

max_partition_order

The maximum partition order

prediction_order_method

‘estimation’

‘2level’

‘4level’

‘8level’

‘search’

Bruteforce search

‘log’

ch_mode

Channel mode

‘auto’

The mode is chosen automatically for each frame

‘indep’

Chanels are independently coded

‘left_side’

‘right_side’

‘mid_side’

exact_rice_parameters

Chooses if rice parameters are calculated exactly or approximately. if set to 1 then they are chosen exactly, which slows the code down slightly and improves compression slightly.

multi_dim_quant

Multi Dimensional Quantization. If set to 1 then a 2nd stage LPC algorithm is applied after the first stage to finetune the coefficients. This is quite slow and slightly improves compression.

16.4 libfaac

libfaac AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) encoder wrapper.

Requires the presence of the libfaac headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libfaac --enable-nonfree.

This encoder is considered to be of higher quality with respect to the the native experimental FFmpeg AAC encoder.

For more information see the libfaac project at http://www.audiocoding.com/faac.html/.

16.4.1 Options

The following shared FFmpeg codec options are recognized.

The following options are supported by the libfaac wrapper. The faac-equivalent of the options are listed in parentheses.

b (-b)

Set bit rate in bits/s for ABR (Average Bit Rate) mode. If the bit rate is not explicitly specified, it is automatically set to a suitable value depending on the selected profile. faac bitrate is expressed in kilobits/s.

Note that libfaac does not support CBR (Constant Bit Rate) but only ABR (Average Bit Rate).

If VBR mode is enabled this option is ignored.

ar (-R)

Set audio sampling rate (in Hz).

ac (-c)

Set the number of audio channels.

cutoff (-C)

Set cutoff frequency. If not specified (or explicitly set to 0) it will use a value automatically computed by the library. Default value is 0.

profile

Set audio profile.

The following profiles are recognized:

‘aac_main’

Main AAC (Main)

‘aac_low’

Low Complexity AAC (LC)

‘aac_ssr’

Scalable Sample Rate (SSR)

‘aac_ltp’

Long Term Prediction (LTP)

If not specified it is set to ‘aac_low’.

flags +qscale

Set constant quality VBR (Variable Bit Rate) mode.

global_quality

Set quality in VBR mode as an integer number of lambda units.

Only relevant when VBR mode is enabled with flags +qscale. The value is converted to QP units by dividing it by FF_QP2LAMBDA, and used to set the quality value used by libfaac. A reasonable range for the option value in QP units is [10-500], the higher the value the higher the quality.

q (-q)

Enable VBR mode when set to a non-negative value, and set constant quality value as a double floating point value in QP units.

The value sets the quality value used by libfaac. A reasonable range for the option value is [10-500], the higher the value the higher the quality.

This option is valid only using the ffmpeg command-line tool. For library interface users, use global_quality.

16.4.2 Examples

• Use ffmpeg to convert an audio file to ABR 128 kbps AAC in an M4A (MP4) container:

  ffmpeg -i input.wav -codec:a libfaac -b:a 128k -output.m4a
  

• Use ffmpeg to convert an audio file to VBR AAC, using the LTP AAC profile:

  ffmpeg -i input.wav -c:a libfaac -profile:a aac_ltp -q:a 100 output.m4a
  

16.5 libfdk_aac

libfdk-aac AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) encoder wrapper.

The libfdk-aac library is based on the Fraunhofer FDK AAC code from the Android project.

Requires the presence of the libfdk-aac headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libfdk-aac. The library is also incompatible with GPL, so if you allow the use of GPL, you should configure with --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac.

This encoder is considered to be of higher quality with respect to both the native experimental FFmpeg AAC encoder and libfaac.

VBR encoding, enabled through the vbr or flags +qscale options, is experimental and only works with some combinations of parameters.

Support for encoding 7.1 audio is only available with libfdk-aac 0.1.3 or higher.

For more information see the fdk-aac project at http://sourceforge.net/p/opencore-amr/fdk-aac/.

16.5.1 Options

The following options are mapped on the shared FFmpeg codec options.

b

Set bit rate in bits/s. If the bitrate is not explicitly specified, it is automatically set to a suitable value depending on the selected profile.

In case VBR mode is enabled the option is ignored.

ar

Set audio sampling rate (in Hz).

channels

Set the number of audio channels.

flags +qscale

Enable fixed quality, VBR (Variable Bit Rate) mode. Note that VBR is implicitly enabled when the vbr value is positive.

cutoff

Set cutoff frequency. If not specified (or explicitly set to 0) it will use a value automatically computed by the library. Default value is 0.

profile

Set audio profile.

The following profiles are recognized:

‘aac_low’

Low Complexity AAC (LC)

‘aac_he’

High Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC)

‘aac_he_v2’

High Efficiency AAC version 2 (HE-AACv2)

‘aac_ld’

Low Delay AAC (LD)

‘aac_eld’

Enhanced Low Delay AAC (ELD)

If not specified it is set to ‘aac_low’.

The following are private options of the libfdk_aac encoder.

afterburner

Enable afterburner feature if set to 1, disabled if set to 0. This improves the quality but also the required processing power.

Default value is 1.

eld_sbr

Enable SBR (Spectral Band Replication) for ELD if set to 1, disabled if set to 0.

Default value is 0.

signaling

Set SBR/PS signaling style.

It can assume one of the following values:

‘default’

choose signaling implicitly (explicit hierarchical by default, implicit if global header is disabled)

‘implicit’

implicit backwards compatible signaling

‘explicit_sbr’

explicit SBR, implicit PS signaling

‘explicit_hierarchical’

explicit hierarchical signaling

Default value is ‘default’.

latm

Output LATM/LOAS encapsulated data if set to 1, disabled if set to 0.

Default value is 0.

header_period

Set StreamMuxConfig and PCE repetition period (in frames) for sending in-band configuration buffers within LATM/LOAS transport layer.

Must be a 16-bits non-negative integer.

Default value is 0.

vbr

Set VBR mode, from 1 to 5. 1 is lowest quality (though still pretty good) and 5 is highest quality. A value of 0 will disable VBR, and CBR (Constant Bit Rate) is enabled.

Currently only the ‘aac_low’ profile supports VBR encoding.

VBR modes 1-5 correspond to roughly the following average bit rates:

‘1’

32 kbps/channel

‘2’

40 kbps/channel

‘3’

48-56 kbps/channel

‘4’

64 kbps/channel

‘5’

about 80-96 kbps/channel

Default value is 0.

16.5.2 Examples

• Use ffmpeg to convert an audio file to VBR AAC in an M4A (MP4) container:

  ffmpeg -i input.wav -codec:a libfdk_aac -vbr 3 output.m4a
  

• Use ffmpeg to convert an audio file to CBR 64k kbps AAC, using the High-Efficiency AAC profile:

  ffmpeg -i input.wav -c:a libfdk_aac -profile:a aac_he -b:a 64k output.m4a
  

16.6 libmp3lame

LAME (Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder) MP3 encoder wrapper.

Requires the presence of the libmp3lame headers and library during configuration. You need to explicitly configure the build with --enable-libmp3lame.

See libshine for a fixed-point MP3 encoder, although with a lower quality.

16.6.1 Options

The following options are supported by the libmp3lame wrapper. The lame-equivalent of the options are listed in parentheses.

b (-b)

Set bitrate expressed in bits/s for CBR or ABR. LAME bitrate is expressed in kilobits/s.

q (-V)

Set constant quality setting for VBR. This option is valid only using the ffmpeg command-line tool. For library interface users, use global_quality.

compression_level (-q)

Set algorithm quality. Valid arguments are integers in the 0-9 range, with 0 meaning highest quality but slowest, and 9 meaning fastest while producing the worst quality.

reservoir

Enable use of bit reservoir when set to 1. Default value is 1. LAME has this enabled by default, but can be overridden by use --nores option.

joint_stereo (-m j)

Enable the encoder to use (on a frame by frame basis) either L/R stereo or mid/side stereo. Default value is 1.

abr (--abr)

Enable the encoder to use ABR when set to 1. The lame --abr sets the target bitrate, while this options only tells FFmpeg to use ABR still relies on b to set bitrate.